Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Industry, 1989 (details in table note)
CIC	Industry Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	AGRICULTURE	2,001	1,119,650	10,560	13,379	0.9	1.2
10	Agricultural production, crops	896	527,152	5,763	6,307	1.1	1.2
11	Agricultural production, livestock	760	381,659	2,529	2,529	0.7	0.7
20	Agricultural services, exc. horticultural	345	210,838	2,269	4,543	1.1	2.2
	FORESTRY AND FISHERIES	823	494,541	14,228	25,738	2.9	5.2
21	Horticultural services	549	379,203	7,583	17,540	2.0	4.6
30	Forestry	191	80,062	5,716	6,827	7.1	8.5
31	Fishing, hunting, and trapping	83	35,275	929	1,371	2.6	3.9
	MINING	1,378	664,563	116,516	130,856	17.5	19.7
40	Metal mining	190	63,206	21,955	27,061	34.7	42.8
41	Coal mining	313	152,293	60,137	63,594	39.5	41.8
42	Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction	656	338,891	7,740	13,139	2.3	3.9
50	Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, exc. fuel	219	110,173	26,684	27,061	24.2	24.6
60	CONSTRUCTION	9,550	5,797,627	1,320,463	1,402,408	22.8	24.2
	MANUFACTURING, NONDURABLE GOODS	14,522	8,522,891	1,654,524	1,775,147	19.4	20.8
100	Meat products	781	444,916	83,255	91,271	18.7	20.5
101	Dairy products	328	191,173	59,101	64,142	30.9	33.6
102	Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables	431	241,159	88,729	91,184	36.8	37.8
110	Grain mill products	261	150,560	34,265	37,261	22.8	24.7
111	Bakery products	356	218,224	83,027	84,168	38.0	38.6
112	Sugar and confectionery products	195	114,239	36,359	37,462	31.8	32.8
120	Beverage industries	346	220,181	67,585	71,680	30.7	32.6
121	Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products	342	194,602	40,271	43,135	20.7	22.2
122	Not specified food industries	2	1,467	0	0	0.0	0.0
130	Tobacco manufacturers	103	54,651	14,267	14,610	26.1	26.7
132	Knitting mills	256	125,220	4,908	5,520	3.9	4.4
140	Dyeing and finishing textiles, exc. wool and knit goods	57	31,720	3,662	5,403	11.5	17.0
141	Floor coverings, exc. hard surface	83	58,659	6,372	6,889	10.9	11.7
142	Yarn, thread, and fabric mills	839	425,654	36,103	38,884	8.5	9.1
150	Miscellaneous textile mill products	67	34,477	9,018	9,274	26.2	26.9
151	Apparel and accessories, exc. knit	1,453	966,479	170,958	180,360	17.7	18.7
152	Miscellaneous fabricated textile products	291	158,876	19,187	21,185	12.1	13.3
160	Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills	622	356,889	178,292	185,302	50.0	51.9
161	Miscellaneous paper and pulp products	305	184,862	42,246	46,490	22.9	25.1
162	Paperboard containers and boxes	327	200,386	57,259	60,918	28.6	30.4
171	Newspaper publishing and printing	921	532,465	70,083	76,333	13.2	14.3
172	Printing, publishing, allied industries, exc. newspapers	2,010	1,258,319	126,095	146,108	10.0	11.6
180	Plastics, synthetics, and resins	277	148,815	29,898	32,994	20.1	22.2
181	Drugs	491	272,515	18,556	19,803	6.8	7.3
182	Soaps and cosmetics	284	173,464	30,797	32,733	17.8	18.9
190	Paints, varnishes, and related products	101	62,206	11,045	11,918	17.8	19.2
191	Agricultural chemicals	97	45,298	4,497	4,762	9.9	10.5
192	Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals	1,065	592,994	117,761	124,097	19.9	20.9
200	Petroleum refining	260	161,481	53,383	57,857	33.1	35.8
201	Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products	36	19,287	4,357	5,061	22.6	26.2
210	Tires and inner tubes	140	82,788	35,219	36,928	42.5	44.6
211	Other rubber products, plastics footwear and belting	257	144,507	31,007	32,734	21.5	22.7
212	Miscellaneous plastics products	864	512,799	71,134	79,049	13.9	15.4
220	Leather tanning and finishing	27	11,650	2,070	2,744	17.8	23.6
221	Footwear, exc. rubber and plastic	172	85,918	9,682	12,398	11.3	14.4
222	Leather products, exc. footwear	75	43,992	4,079	4,489	9.3	10.2
	MANUFACTURING, DURABLE GOODS	20,009	12,308,056	2,849,508	3,045,594	23.2	24.7
230	Logging	201	103,269	2,358	2,520	2.3	2.4
231	Sawmills, planing mills, and millwork	713	393,079	81,012	85,831	20.6	21.8
232	Wood buildings and mobile homes	109	62,414	5,820	5,820	9.3	9.3
241	Miscellaneous wood products	247	136,372	11,212	11,571	8.2	8.5
242	Furniture and fixtures	1,044	627,541	93,913	99,036	15.0	15.8
250	Glass and glass products	329	194,080	78,491	81,065	40.4	41.8
251	Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products	359	207,849	46,274	49,315	22.3	23.7
252	Structural clay products	71	52,092	11,600	15,586	22.3	29.9
261	Pottery and related products	57	33,257	7,426	7,426	22.3	22.3
262	Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products	221	130,230	30,142	36,403	23.1	28.0
270	Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills	572	395,712	228,041	231,736	57.6	58.6
271	Iron and steel foundries	189	125,088	40,057	43,831	32.0	35.0
272	Primary aluminum industries	202	129,840	58,910	59,443	45.4	45.8
280	Other primary metal industries	320	179,015	57,282	58,792	32.0	32.8
281	Cutlery, handtools, and other hardware	196	125,267	29,390	31,744	23.5	25.3
282	Fabricated structural metal products	743	467,128	92,812	96,817	19.9	20.7
290	Screw machine products	104	66,516	5,782	5,782	8.7	8.7
291	Metal forgings and stampings	234	135,166	43,772	45,612	32.4	33.7
292	Ordnance	165	85,566	23,973	26,486	28.0	31.0
300	Miscellaneous fabricated metal products	552	356,941	87,956	94,197	24.6	26.4
301	Not specified metal industries	1	626	0	0	0.0	0.0
310	Engines and turbines	147	95,347	38,931	40,984	40.8	43.0
311	Farm machinery and equipment	167	85,894	21,567	23,505	25.1	27.4
312	Construction and material handling machines	358	219,965	55,556	57,363	25.3	26.1
320	Metalworking machinery	524	301,302	38,497	45,134	12.8	15.0
321	Office and accounting machines	171	107,869	7,478	10,185	6.9	9.4
322	Electronic computing equipment	1,158	689,174	18,710	22,563	2.7	3.3
331	Machinery, exc. electrical, n.e.c.	1,627	1,004,260	165,060	177,184	16.4	17.6
332	Not specified machinery	6	4,287	574	574	13.4	13.4
340	Household appliances	269	173,291	78,947	84,126	45.6	48.5
341	Radio, T.V., and communication equipment	740	462,431	70,566	77,827	15.3	16.8
342	Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c.	2,271	1,392,151	223,957	253,833	16.1	18.2
350	Not specified electrical machinery, equipment, and supplie	9	5,933	0	0	0.0	0.0
351	Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment	1,993	1,198,081	602,187	617,932	50.3	51.6
352	Aircraft and parts	839	608,379	185,651	211,215	30.5	34.7
360	Ship and boat building and repairing	476	276,266	65,320	70,548	23.6	25.5
361	Railroad locomotives and equipment	40	25,296	12,337	13,342	48.8	52.7
362	Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts	530	416,477	87,196	98,212	20.9	23.6
370	Cycles and miscellaneous transportation equipment	90	59,508	19,927	20,627	33.5	34.7
371	Scientific and controlling instruments	357	216,400	30,058	31,305	13.9	14.5
372	Optical and health services supplies	493	299,087	16,036	21,086	5.4	7.1
380	Photographic equipment and supplies	196	133,429	12,605	13,778	9.4	10.3
381	Watches, clocks, and clockwork operated devices	18	12,099	1,257	1,257	10.4	10.4
382	Not specified professional equipment	0
390	Toys, amusement, and sporting goods	209	125,783	16,671	16,671	13.3	13.3
391	Miscellaneous manufacturing industries	637	352,857	41,137	44,273	11.7	12.5
392	Not specified manufacturing industries	55	35,441	3,061	3,061	8.6	8.6
	TRANSPORTATION	7,780	4,652,923	1,828,741	1,950,534	39.3	41.9
400	Railroads	621	340,024	266,718	271,243	78.4	79.8
401	Bus service and urban transit	706	412,172	159,401	169,010	38.7	41.0
402	Taxicab service	128	80,620	5,735	9,643	7.1	12.0
410	Trucking service	2,667	1,576,313	378,013	402,566	24.0	25.5
411	Warehousing and storage	223	138,550	13,236	14,910	9.6	10.8
412	U.S. Postal Service	1,479	897,960	656,986	715,281	73.2	79.7
420	Water transportation	278	169,545	50,255	51,474	29.6	30.4
421	Air transportation	1,154	725,071	275,690	292,943	38.0	40.4
422	Pipe lines, exc. natural gas	28	12,530	783	783	6.2	6.2
432	Services incidental to transportation	496	300,138	21,924	22,682	7.3	7.6
	COMMUNICATIONS	2,604	1,515,290	540,433	601,247	35.7	39.7
440	Radio and television broadcasting	468	251,335	28,567	32,568	11.4	13.0
441	Telephone (wire and radio)	1,839	1,092,398	500,466	554,743	45.8	50.8
442	Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services	297	171,557	11,400	13,936	6.6	8.1
	UTILITIES AND SANITARY SERVICES	2,661	1,523,591	501,156	557,559	32.9	36.6
460	Electric light and power	1,217	659,118	229,341	255,676	34.8	38.8
461	Gas and steam supply systems	311	180,834	60,614	63,486	33.5	35.1
462	Electric and gas, and other combinations	281	194,804	77,306	85,610	39.7	43.9
470	Water supply and irrigation	380	214,856	50,321	56,035	23.4	26.1
471	Sanitary services	455	265,091	80,420	92,598	30.3	34.9
472	Not specified utilities	17	8,888	3,153	4,155	35.5	46.7
	WHOLESALE TRADE	6,750	3,942,025	269,408	308,080	6.8	7.8
500	Motor vehicles and equipment	358	212,476	14,796	15,948	7.0	7.5
501	Furniture and home furnishings	96	56,402	397	397	0.7	0.7
502	Lumber and construction materials	239	143,799	10,851	12,008	7.5	8.4
510	Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods	57	34,109	0	0	0.0	0.0
511	Metals and minerals, exc. petroleum	132	80,783	5,301	6,047	6.6	7.5
512	Electrical goods	433	270,543	8,319	13,419	3.1	5.0
521	Hardware, plumbing and heating supplies	346	201,493	4,066	5,294	2.0	2.6
522	Not specified electrical and hardware products	0
530	Machinery, equipment, and supplies	1,661	948,937	27,766	36,633	2.9	3.9
531	Scrap and waste materials	214	129,514	7,721	7,907	6.0	6.1
532	Miscellaneous wholesale, durable goods	99	63,373	2,453	3,085	3.9	4.9
540	Paper and paper products	205	120,940	8,952	9,614	7.4	7.9
541	Drugs, chemicals, and allied products	311	184,001	9,620	12,383	5.2	6.7
542	Apparel, fabrics, and notions	155	101,449	10,138	12,093	10.0	11.9
550	Groceries and related products	1,166	715,972	117,355	120,360	16.4	16.8
551	Farm products - raw materials	208	92,428	3,703	5,658	4.0	6.1
552	Petroleum products	250	135,549	7,930	13,476	5.9	9.9
560	Alcoholic beverages	219	119,812	18,196	20,289	15.2	16.9
561	Farm supplies	225	114,845	1,766	3,392	1.5	3.0
562	Miscellaneous wholesale, nondurable goods	356	202,147	10,075	10,075	5.0	5.0
571	Not specified wholesale trade	20	13,455	0	0	0.0	0.0
	RETAIL TRADE	29,518	17,298,914	1,063,204	1,184,645	6.1	6.8
580	Lumber and building material retailing	775	462,453	23,258	27,097	5.0	5.9
581	Hardware stores	305	180,351	1,640	3,299	0.9	1.8
582	Retail nurseries and garden stores	127	80,369	497	1,444	0.6	1.8
590	Mobile home dealers	45	20,964	0	0	0.0	0.0
591	Department stores	3,501	2,082,221	82,378	98,961	4.0	4.8
592	Variety stores	212	108,017	498	2,006	0.5	1.9
600	Miscellaneous general merchandise stores	246	133,816	6,900	9,113	5.2	6.8
601	Grocery stores	4,619	2,667,866	676,911	706,829	25.4	26.5
602	Dairy products stores	92	51,390	2,178	2,961	4.2	5.8
610	Retail bakeries	264	154,789	14,008	16,472	9.0	10.6
611	Food stores, n.e.c.	251	153,652	6,739	7,682	4.4	5.0
612	Motor vehicle dealers	1,773	1,049,527	47,519	55,120	4.5	5.3
620	Auto and home supply stores	625	354,313	6,025	7,300	1.7	2.1
621	Gasoline service stations	739	415,113	2,519	2,838	0.6	0.7
622	Miscellaneous vehicle dealers	124	74,353	1,781	1,781	2.4	2.4
630	Apparel and accessory stores, exc. shoe	1,275	728,911	15,383	19,463	2.1	2.7
631	Shoe stores	262	154,699	2,148	2,887	1.4	1.9
632	Furniture and home furnishings stores	735	427,717	10,129	13,988	2.4	3.3
640	Household appliances, TV, and radio stores	710	461,150	6,093	11,380	1.3	2.5
641	Eating and drinking places	8,887	5,232,770	91,777	111,972	1.8	2.1
642	Drug stores	862	514,058	30,288	35,176	5.9	6.8
650	Liquor stores	176	97,408	3,060	3,571	3.1	3.7
651	Sporting goods, bicycles, and hobby stores	408	238,589	4,525	7,785	1.9	3.3
652	Book and stationery stores	314	182,807	3,283	4,999	1.8	2.7
660	Jewelry stores	249	145,675	2,279	3,085	1.6	2.1
661	Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores	108	61,434	0	0	0.0	0.0
662	Mail order houses	165	98,050	3,755	3,755	3.8	3.8
670	Vending machine operators	104	61,973	1,769	2,567	2.9	4.1
671	Direct selling establishments	168	106,684	1,553	1,553	1.5	1.5
672	Fuel and ice dealers	177	91,804	5,115	5,115	5.6	5.6
681	Retail florists	241	128,069	0	1,273	0.0	1.0
682	Miscellaneous retail stores	959	566,814	8,443	11,128	1.5	2.0
691	Not specified retail trade	20	11,110	754	2,045	6.8	18.4
	FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE	11,747	7,045,421	196,961	257,059	2.8	3.6
700	Banking	3,540	2,060,991	32,483	48,779	1.6	2.4
701	Savings and loan associations	349	213,731	1,361	3,145	0.6	1.5
702	Credit agencies, n.e.c.	886	520,220	12,639	19,795	2.4	3.8
710	Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies	866	535,895	6,453	11,217	1.2	2.1
711	Insurance	3,522	2,140,671	60,369	77,629	2.8	3.6
712	Real estate, including real estate-insurance-law offices	2,584	1,573,914	83,656	96,494	5.3	6.1
	BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES	8,973	5,567,057	259,647	315,068	4.7	5.7
721	Advertising	335	216,457	3,515	7,296	1.6	3.4
722	Services to dwellings and other buildings	889	563,707	64,197	70,775	11.4	12.6
730	Commercial research, development, and testing labs	490	247,314	13,096	14,016	5.3	5.7
731	Personnel supply services	1,132	718,561	28,257	37,556	3.9	5.2
732	Business management and consulting services	597	359,509	4,269	5,321	1.2	1.5
740	Computer and data processing services	1,072	694,488	9,579	18,439	1.4	2.7
741	Detective and protective services	550	345,204	24,037	32,074	7.0	9.3
742	Business services, n.e.c.	1,711	1,064,252	38,421	48,020	3.6	4.5
750	Automotive services, exc. repair	543	350,030	21,525	25,088	6.1	7.2
751	Automotive repair shops	1,014	607,307	19,014	21,395	3.1	3.5
752	Electrical repair shops	140	84,123	9,363	10,232	11.1	12.2
760	Miscellaneous repair services	500	316,105	24,374	24,856	7.7	7.9
	PERSONAL SERVICES	6,306	3,584,739	198,492	218,181	5.5	6.1
761	Private households	1,807	1,078,226	901	4,007	0.1	0.4
762	Hotels and motels	2,279	1,176,541	144,110	152,180	12.2	12.9
770	Lodging places, exc. hotels and motels	224	125,380	489	2,233	0.4	1.8
771	Laundry, cleaning, and garment services	696	427,593	41,032	45,005	9.6	10.5
772	Beauty shops	731	432,968	5,283	6,391	1.2	1.5
780	Barber shops	33	20,131	147	147	0.7	0.7
781	Funeral service and crematories	117	71,151	1,027	1,027	1.4	1.4
782	Shoe repair shops	9	4,737	0	0	0.0	0.0
790	Dressmaking shops	9	4,145	0	0	0.0	0.0
791	Miscellaneous personal services	401	243,866	5,503	7,192	2.3	2.9
	ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES	1,946	1,132,562	123,392	140,245	10.9	12.4
800	Theaters and motion pictures	440	298,059	51,438	58,718	17.3	19.7
801	Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors	97	51,960	180	180	0.3	0.3
802	Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services	1,409	782,542	71,773	81,347	9.2	10.4
831	HOSPITALS	7,881	4,552,193	679,088	802,345	14.9	17.6
	MEDICAL SERVICES, EXCEPT HOSPITALS	6,895	3,867,718	321,636	369,226	8.3	9.5
812	Offices of physicians	1,300	747,159	8,508	11,859	1.1	1.6
820	Offices of dentists	729	410,569	6,429	7,972	1.6	1.9
821	Offices of chiropractors	94	56,718	358	358	0.6	0.6
822	Offices of optometrists	76	43,726	1,121	1,121	2.6	2.6
830	Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c.	64	38,209	2,660	2,660	7.0	7.0
832	Nursing and personal care facilities	2,783	1,504,269	183,056	206,390	12.2	13.7
840	Health services, n.e.c.	1,849	1,067,068	119,504	138,866	11.2	13.0
	EDUCATIONAL SERVICES	15,854	8,845,338	3,043,337	3,690,068	34.4	41.7
842	Elementary and secondary schools	10,687	5,994,231	2,702,170	3,232,892	45.1	53.9
850	Colleges and universities	4,590	2,530,185	306,386	411,233	12.1	16.3
851	Business, trade, and vocational schools	127	70,233	4,083	4,715	5.8	6.7
852	Libraries	297	164,470	25,792	31,917	15.7	19.4
860	Educational services, n.e.c.	153	86,219	4,905	9,312	5.7	10.8
	SOCIAL SERVICES	3,327	1,909,907	162,102	200,359	8.5	10.5
861	Job training and vocational rehabilitation services	401	236,774	10,629	13,287	4.5	5.6
862	Child day care services	974	567,043	14,484	20,738	2.6	3.7
870	Residential care facilities, without nursing	616	346,903	26,559	29,301	7.7	8.4
871	Social services, n.e.c.	1,336	759,188	110,430	137,034	14.5	18.1
	OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES	6,085	3,558,346	126,247	164,750	3.5	4.6
841	Legal services	1,455	861,074	11,958	20,536	1.4	2.4
872	Museums, art galleries, and zoos	166	86,433	5,087	6,853	5.9	7.9
880	Religious organizations	1,361	764,938	6,063	11,576	0.8	1.5
881	Membership organizations	877	486,151	65,623	73,901	13.5	15.2
882	Engineering, architectural, and surveying services	1,175	720,174	21,549	28,840	3.0	4.0
890	Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services	786	477,528	6,392	9,872	1.3	2.1
891	Noncommercial educational and scientific research	183	109,690	7,514	10,177	6.9	9.3
892	Miscellaneous professional and related services	82	52,357	2,060	2,995	3.9	5.7
	PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION	9,801	5,576,276	1,680,809	2,045,074	30.1	36.7
900	Executive and legislative offices	318	170,349	21,577	24,980	12.7	14.7
901	General government, n.e.c.	1,014	575,695	141,491	181,822	24.6	31.6
910	Justice, public order, and safety	3,240	1,950,127	882,637	972,534	45.3	49.9
921	Public finance, taxation, and monetary policy	722	414,885	106,076	142,217	25.6	34.3
922	Administration of human resources programs	1,256	681,148	201,539	249,267	29.6	36.6
930	Administration of environmental quality & housing programs	631	317,212	83,027	97,969	26.2	30.9
931	Administration of economic programs	1,067	553,524	137,485	167,222	24.8	30.2
932	National security and international affairs	1,553	913,335	106,978	209,064	11.7	22.9
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 1989. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: CIC=1980 Census industry code used
in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are union
members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers who
are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2002 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.