Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by CMSA, MSA & PMSA, 1988 (details in table note)
Code Metropolitan Area Sector Obs Employment Members Covered %Mem %Cov
CMSAs (sorted by CPS size code):
7 Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH Total 5,602 1,962,894 337,009 353,995 17.2 18.0
Private 4,867 1,705,529 181,699 192,877 10.7 11.3
Public 735 257,365 155,310 161,118 60.3 62.6
Priv Const 269 94,860 20,701 21,650 21.8 22.8
Priv Manuf 1,254 436,977 58,555 60,169 13.4 13.8
30 Buffalo-Niagra Falls, NY Total 657 539,212 179,491 183,270 33.3 34.0
Private 538 439,306 104,820 107,544 23.9 24.5
Public 119 99,906 74,671 75,726 74.7 75.8
Priv Const 35 31,039 9,493 9,493 30.6 30.6
Priv Manuf 141 116,706 51,378 52,958 44.0 45.4
3 Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN-WI Total 5,184 3,508,246 766,149 819,584 21.8 23.4
Private 4,570 3,100,945 560,079 597,331 18.1 19.3
Public 614 407,300 206,071 222,252 50.6 54.6
Priv Const 240 159,349 74,957 77,335 47.0 48.5
Priv Manuf 1,131 783,431 209,024 220,019 26.7 28.1
22 Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN Total 1,265 738,536 133,307 147,867 18.1 20.0
Private 1,099 639,743 95,434 100,007 14.9 15.6
Public 166 98,793 37,873 47,859 38.3 48.4
Priv Const 61 35,298 10,303 10,880 29.2 30.8
Priv Manuf 321 186,139 51,371 53,145 27.6 28.6
11 Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH Total 2,051 1,180,771 269,897 291,477 22.9 24.7
Private 1,740 998,735 181,136 192,654 18.1 19.3
Public 311 182,036 88,762 98,823 48.8 54.3
Priv Const 78 47,212 12,012 13,426 25.4 28.4
Priv Manuf 490 282,403 77,929 81,427 27.6 28.8
10 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Total 2,123 1,800,798 123,258 154,495 6.8 8.6
Private 1,856 1,576,107 92,480 114,337 5.9 7.3
Public 267 224,692 30,778 40,157 13.7 17.9
Priv Const 95 85,362 7,542 7,542 8.8 8.8
Priv Manuf 437 372,619 45,279 58,376 12.2 15.7
21 Denver-Boulder, CO Total 1,251 906,655 105,523 125,377 11.6 13.8
Private 1,016 735,646 60,607 71,181 8.2 9.7
Public 235 171,009 44,917 54,195 26.3 31.7
Priv Const 46 32,143 6,379 6,379 19.8 19.8
Priv Manuf 182 130,597 17,650 20,447 13.5 15.7
6 Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI Total 3,789 1,944,118 521,306 561,594 26.8 28.9
Private 3,282 1,691,885 370,918 398,758 21.9 23.6
Public 507 252,233 150,389 162,835 59.6 64.6
Priv Const 139 72,787 29,205 31,716 40.1 43.6
Priv Manuf 1,074 553,524 216,757 225,468 39.2 40.7
36 Hartford-New Britain-Middletown, CT Total 624 536,566 93,739 100,028 17.5 18.6
Private 543 468,893 53,389 56,426 11.4 12.0
Public 81 67,673 40,350 43,603 59.6 64.4
Priv Const 37 32,542 7,977 7,977 24.5 24.5
Priv Manuf 148 122,959 21,827 23,998 17.8 19.5
8 Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Total 1,852 1,656,101 111,314 132,590 6.7 8.0
Private 1,590 1,428,841 65,843 78,156 4.6 5.5
Public 262 227,261 45,471 54,434 20.0 24.0
Priv Const 109 93,231 15,710 15,710 16.9 16.9
Priv Manuf 255 232,535 23,538 23,538 10.1 10.1
2 Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA Total 4,721 5,833,075 958,205 1,124,725 16.4 19.3
Private 4,071 5,058,536 616,086 692,495 12.2 13.7
Public 650 774,540 342,118 432,230 44.2 55.8
Priv Const 251 321,717 74,561 84,155 23.2 26.2
Priv Manuf 1,107 1,421,870 216,218 241,042 15.2 17.0
12 Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL Total 2,037 1,287,547 125,604 144,930 9.8 11.3
Private 1,766 1,120,076 54,419 59,191 4.9 5.3
Public 271 167,472 71,185 85,738 42.5 51.2
Priv Const 139 89,879 5,909 6,550 6.6 7.3
Priv Manuf 238 150,834 4,187 4,187 2.8 2.8
24 Milwaukee-Racine, WI Total 1,058 847,482 188,708 197,213 22.3 23.3
Private 913 732,945 126,254 127,783 17.2 17.4
Public 145 114,537 62,454 69,430 54.5 60.6
Priv Const 29 23,272 11,473 11,473 49.3 49.3
Priv Manuf 335 270,280 81,248 82,776 30.1 30.6
1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT Total 11,338 7,443,252 2,029,470 2,173,170 27.3 29.2
Private 9,562 6,245,792 1,231,434 1,330,762 19.7 21.3
Public 1,776 1,197,460 798,036 842,408 66.6 70.3
Priv Const 540 359,484 142,574 143,222 39.7 39.8
Priv Manuf 2,024 1,272,893 295,436 311,480 23.2 24.5
4 Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD Total 5,589 2,619,197 552,797 629,065 21.1 24.0
Private 4,721 2,200,548 341,539 383,035 15.5 17.4
Public 868 418,649 211,258 246,030 50.5 58.8
Priv Const 266 122,689 34,237 34,979 27.9 28.5
Priv Manuf 1,085 498,589 127,996 137,851 25.7 27.6
13 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA Total 1,465 922,819 208,658 225,009 22.6 24.4
Private 1,282 806,267 149,060 156,797 18.5 19.4
Public 183 116,552 59,597 68,213 51.1 58.5
Priv Const 63 40,232 10,727 10,727 26.7 26.7
Priv Manuf 245 153,196 63,692 64,321 41.6 42.0
26 Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA Total 940 628,971 124,993 142,015 19.9 22.6
Private 805 537,340 80,783 87,483 15.0 16.3
Public 135 91,631 44,211 54,532 48.2 59.5
Priv Const 32 21,644 5,688 5,688 26.3 26.3
Priv Manuf 186 128,243 29,142 30,448 22.7 23.7
34 Providence-Pawtucket-Fall River, RI-MA Total 2,030 549,873 111,441 115,770 20.3 21.1
Private 1,749 475,578 61,920 65,593 13.0 13.8
Public 281 74,295 49,521 50,177 66.7 67.5
Priv Const 90 24,364 8,646 8,646 35.5 35.5
Priv Manuf 566 156,537 25,114 26,227 16.0 16.8
14 St. Louis, MO-IL Total 1,104 1,055,040 222,133 246,902 21.1 23.4
Private 957 924,453 185,837 195,869 20.1 21.2
Public 147 130,587 36,296 51,033 27.8 39.1
Priv Const 51 47,411 23,217 23,217 49.0 49.0
Priv Manuf 209 201,358 65,270 67,255 32.4 33.4
5 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA Total 2,244 2,784,722 552,082 636,220 19.8 22.8
Private 1,877 2,343,323 356,806 388,491 15.2 16.6
Public 367 441,399 195,276 247,729 44.2 56.1
Priv Const 106 131,153 48,081 51,419 36.7 39.2
Priv Manuf 431 545,248 64,017 69,980 11.7 12.8
18 Seattle-Tacoma, WA Total 1,203 1,123,380 282,149 330,939 25.1 29.5
Private 1,014 947,968 194,113 229,599 20.5 24.2
Public 189 175,412 88,036 101,340 50.2 57.8
Priv Const 57 51,765 17,512 19,399 33.8 37.5
Priv Manuf 242 225,289 83,328 99,795 37.0 44.3
9 Washington, DC-MD-VA Total 3,859 2,045,384 263,484 328,929 12.9 16.1
Private 2,528 1,396,291 116,912 144,189 8.4 10.3
Public 1,331 649,093 146,572 184,740 22.6 28.5
Priv Const 161 106,000 13,798 14,116 13.0 13.3
Priv Manuf 149 90,275 4,587 7,253 5.1 8.0
MSAs and PMSAs (sorted by FIPS code):
80 Akron, OH, PMSA Total 475 272,820 54,089 55,915 19.8 20.5
Private 405 233,089 38,786 40,014 16.6 17.2
Public 70 39,731 15,303 15,901 38.5 40.0
160 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY  MSA Total 457 363,531 94,431 108,981 26.0 30.0
Private 338 267,873 33,743 43,702 12.6 16.3
Public 119 95,658 60,688 65,279 63.4 68.2
200 Albuquerque, NM MSA Total 771 221,864 19,608 28,186 8.8 12.7
Private 619 178,098 12,604 15,334 7.1 8.6
Public 152 43,766 7,004 12,853 16.0 29.4
240 Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ  MSA Total 453 285,924 61,800 65,734 21.6 23.0
Private 408 257,356 48,029 49,977 18.7 19.4
Public 45 28,568 13,771 15,757 48.2 55.2
280 Altoona, PA  MSA Total 98 60,957 19,899 20,482 32.6 33.6
Private 83 51,848 14,180 14,763 27.3 28.5
Public 15 9,109 5,719 5,719 62.8 62.8
360 Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA  PMSA Total 817 1,123,931 145,379 181,121 12.9 16.1
Private 719 995,086 94,889 105,662 9.5 10.6
Public 98 128,845 50,490 75,459 39.2 58.6
380 Anchorage, AK  MSA Total 1,375 95,834 21,426 23,138 22.4 24.1
Private 996 69,615 9,134 9,780 13.1 14.0
Public 379 26,219 12,291 13,358 46.9 50.9
400 Anderson, IN  MSA Total 110 94,770 22,670 22,670 23.9 23.9
Private 98 84,705 18,187 18,187 21.5 21.5
Public 12 10,064 4,483 4,483 44.5 44.5
405 Anderson, SC  MSA Total 161 86,676 2,742 3,698 3.2 4.3
Private 138 74,516 1,685 1,685 2.3 2.3
Public 23 12,160 1,057 2,013 8.7 16.6
440 Ann Arbor, MI  PMSA Total 173 85,424 15,304 16,303 17.9 19.1
Private 125 61,833 7,622 7,622 12.3 12.3
Public 48 23,591 7,682 8,681 32.6 36.8
460 Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenaht, WI  MSA Total 198 158,307 45,865 47,920 29.0 30.3
Private 173 138,714 34,636 34,636 25.0 25.0
Public 25 19,592 11,229 13,283 57.3 67.8
480 Asheville, NC  MSA Total 210 72,896 7,261 7,588 10.0 10.4
Private 169 58,773 4,964 4,964 8.4 8.4
Public 41 14,123 2,297 2,624 16.3 18.6
520 Atlanta, GA  MSA Total 1,157 1,406,940 177,458 208,513 12.6 14.8
Private 995 1,207,709 131,324 146,147 10.9 12.1
Public 162 199,231 46,134 62,366 23.2 31.3
600 Augusta, GA-SC  MSA Total 180 166,609 18,417 19,522 11.1 11.7
Private 151 139,251 10,430 11,535 7.5 8.3
Public 29 27,359 7,986 7,986 29.2 29.2
620 Aurora-Elgin, IL  PMSA Total 262 165,522 29,165 31,802 17.6 19.2
Private 239 151,297 20,981 23,619 13.9 15.6
Public 23 14,226 8,184 8,184 57.5 57.5
640 Austin, TX  MSA Total 436 381,112 13,695 30,588 3.6 8.0
Private 304 270,171 4,285 6,592 1.6 2.4
Public 132 110,941 9,410 23,996 8.5 21.6
680 Bakersfield, CA  MSA Total 143 190,726 30,242 33,897 15.9 17.8
Private 113 151,044 15,066 16,417 10.0 10.9
Public 30 39,682 15,175 17,480 38.2 44.1
720 Baltimore, MD  MSA Total 1,041 1,002,637 159,691 193,932 15.9 19.3
Private 808 780,666 85,802 102,860 11.0 13.2
Public 233 221,971 73,888 91,072 33.3 41.0
760 Baton Rouge, LA  MSA Total 237 223,695 19,946 19,946 8.9 8.9
Private 170 163,730 14,378 14,378 8.8 8.8
Public 67 59,964 5,568 5,568 9.3 9.3
780 Battle Creek, MI  MSA Total 122 62,181 20,668 23,590 33.2 37.9
Private 97 49,314 15,961 16,514 32.4 33.5
Public 25 12,867 4,708 7,076 36.6 55.0
840 Beaumont-Port Arthur, FL  MSA Total 230 188,322 37,259 44,159 19.8 23.4
Private 200 163,465 28,627 33,756 17.5 20.7
Public 30 24,857 8,632 10,403 34.7 41.9
845 Beaver County, PA  PMSA Total 135 84,704 18,417 19,194 21.7 22.7
Private 118 74,186 14,842 15,618 20.0 21.1
Public 17 10,519 3,576 3,576 34.0 34.0
860 Bellingham, WA  MSA Total 81 69,250 13,800 16,726 19.9 24.2
Private 67 57,299 11,424 11,424 19.9 19.9
Public 14 11,952 2,376 5,302 19.9 44.4
870 Benton Harbor, MI  MSA Total 130 63,404 9,645 11,079 15.2 17.5
Private 111 54,302 4,558 5,992 8.4 11.0
Public 19 9,102 5,087 5,087 55.9 55.9
875 Bergen-Passaic, NJ  PMSA Total 1,256 562,558 135,816 139,439 24.1 24.8
Private 1,111 498,819 97,358 99,678 19.5 20.0
Public 145 63,739 38,458 39,761 60.3 62.4
920 Biloxi-Gulfport, MS  MSA Total 151 62,090 4,709 5,159 7.6 8.3
Private 105 43,384 1,352 1,352 3.1 3.1
Public 46 18,706 3,357 3,807 17.9 20.4
960 Binghamton, NY  MSA Total 182 104,814 17,468 18,675 16.7 17.8
Private 152 87,546 6,053 7,260 6.9 8.3
Public 30 17,268 11,414 11,414 66.1 66.1
1000 Birmingham, AL  MSA Total 490 360,522 49,777 57,774 13.8 16.0
Private 406 298,615 35,094 39,329 11.8 13.2
Public 84 61,907 14,682 18,445 23.7 29.8
1040 Bloomington-Normal, IL  MSA Total 134 80,779 13,352 13,352 16.5 16.5
Private 105 63,446 9,395 9,395 14.8 14.8
Public 29 17,333 3,957 3,957 22.8 22.8
1080 Boise City, ID  MSA Total 503 89,734 5,164 7,156 5.8 8.0
Private 404 72,461 2,406 3,198 3.3 4.4
Public 99 17,273 2,757 3,959 16.0 22.9
1120 Boston, MA  PMSR Total 3,692 1,324,465 229,016 238,957 17.3 18.0
Private 3,181 1,142,175 120,059 126,524 10.5 11.1
Public 511 182,291 108,957 112,433 59.8 61.7
1125 Boulder-Longmont, CO  PMSA Total 170 120,028 15,321 19,610 12.8 16.3
Private 132 93,270 8,104 8,882 8.7 9.5
Public 38 26,759 7,216 10,727 27.0 40.1
1140 Bradenton, FL  MSA Total 127 77,997 6,993 11,058 9.0 14.2
Private 110 68,086 4,156 4,156 6.1 6.1
Public 17 9,911 2,837 6,902 28.6 69.6
1145 Brazoria, TX  PMSA Total 72 63,535 5,413 6,173 8.5 9.7
Private 60 53,452 4,531 4,531 8.5 8.5
Public 12 10,083 882 1,642 8.7 16.3
1160 Bridgeport-Milford, CT  PMSA Total 258 223,835 66,197 69,608 29.6 31.1
Private 214 185,451 37,229 38,433 20.1 20.7
Public 44 38,384 28,968 31,175 75.5 81.2
1200 Brockton, MA  PMSA Total 268 95,900 26,278 28,084 27.4 29.3
Private 225 81,019 15,731 16,837 19.4 20.8
Public 43 14,882 10,547 11,247 70.9 75.6
1240 Brownsville-Harlingen, TX  MSA Total 126 80,272 3,996 5,430 5.0 6.8
Private 95 61,079 1,540 2,099 2.5 3.4
Public 31 19,193 2,455 3,330 12.8 17.4
1280 Buffalo, NY  PMSA Total 543 448,556 143,488 147,267 32.0 32.8
Private 443 364,183 77,749 80,472 21.3 22.1
Public 100 84,373 65,739 66,795 77.9 79.2
1305 Burlington, VT  MSA Total 452 62,570 3,955 6,717 6.3 10.7
Private 386 53,567 1,709 3,177 3.2 5.9
Public 66 9,004 2,246 3,540 24.9 39.3
1320 Canton, OH  MSA Total 256 142,638 34,110 38,571 23.9 27.0
Private 218 121,612 27,454 27,980 22.6 23.0
Public 38 21,026 6,657 10,591 31.7 50.4
1360 Cedar Rapids, IA  MSA Total 159 80,922 14,083 15,619 17.4 19.3
Private 142 72,346 9,598 10,062 13.3 13.9
Public 17 8,576 4,486 5,558 52.3 64.8
1400 Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, IL  MSA Total 116 73,664 8,203 8,838 11.1 12.0
Private 87 55,257 2,392 2,392 4.3 4.3
Public 29 18,407 5,811 6,446 31.6 35.0
1440 Charleston, SC  MSA Total 359 198,042 16,721 20,380 8.4 10.3
Private 265 146,737 11,278 14,036 7.7 9.6
Public 94 51,305 5,443 6,344 10.6 12.4
1480 Charleston, WV  MSA Total 288 98,411 11,378 11,845 11.6 12.0
Private 223 76,844 7,754 8,221 10.1 10.7
Public 65 21,567 3,624 3,624 16.8 16.8
1520 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC  MSA Total 1,622 604,383 37,139 46,683 6.1 7.7
Private 1,462 543,806 25,086 31,734 4.6 5.8
Public 160 60,578 12,053 14,949 19.9 24.7
1560 Chattanooga, TN-A  MSA Total 154 145,604 17,518 18,406 12.0 12.6
Private 129 123,882 8,289 8,289 6.7 6.7
Public 25 21,722 9,229 10,116 42.5 46.6
1600 Chicago, IL  PMSA Total 4,088 2,673,710 591,297 634,406 22.1 23.7
Private 3,580 2,346,321 416,663 446,687 17.8 19.0
Public 508 327,389 174,633 187,718 53.3 57.3
1620 Chico, CA  MSA Total 110 101,952 23,343 27,771 22.9 27.2
Private 86 80,318 12,674 12,674 15.8 15.8
Public 24 21,634 10,669 15,097 49.3 69.8
1640 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN  PMSA Total 1,093 644,688 115,029 127,972 17.8 19.9
Private 947 556,601 80,798 84,294 14.5 15.1
Public 146 88,087 34,231 43,678 38.9 49.6
1680 Cleveland, OH  PMSA Total 1,388 798,174 191,135 208,601 23.9 26.1
Private 1,166 666,804 122,213 131,949 18.3 19.8
Public 222 131,371 68,922 76,652 52.5 58.3
1720 Colorado Springs, CO  MSA Total 212 153,926 13,578 15,978 8.8 10.4
Private 175 126,553 5,735 6,851 4.5 5.4
Public 37 27,373 7,843 9,127 28.7 33.3
1740 Colombia, MO  MSA Total 122 99,652 11,724 12,679 11.8 12.7
Private 78 64,535 7,064 7,064 10.9 10.9
Public 44 35,117 4,660 5,615 13.3 16.0
1760 Columbia, SC  MSA Total 378 212,593 10,280 12,827 4.8 6.0
Private 277 156,550 3,591 5,657 2.3 3.6
Public 101 56,043 6,689 7,169 11.9 12.8
1800 Columbus, GA-AL  MSA Total 102 117,173 8,178 10,936 7.0 9.3
Private 83 96,584 5,104 5,104 5.3 5.3
Public 19 20,589 3,074 5,832 14.9 28.3
1840 Columbus, OH  MSA Total 1,058 605,841 99,827 112,420 16.5 18.6
Private 855 489,509 52,728 58,250 10.8 11.9
Public 203 116,331 47,098 54,171 40.5 46.6
1880 Corpus Christi, TX  MSA Total 200 119,609 12,323 17,965 10.3 15.0
Private 152 89,755 4,002 5,329 4.5 5.9
Public 48 29,854 8,321 12,635 27.9 42.3
1920 Dallas, TX  PMSA Total 1,370 1,163,016 54,202 73,403 4.7 6.3
Private 1,220 1,036,663 37,794 49,118 3.6 4.7
Public 150 126,352 16,408 24,286 13.0 19.2
1930 Danbury, CT  PMSR Total 160 111,907 19,712 19,712 17.6 17.6
Private 143 100,811 11,283 11,283 11.2 11.2
Public 17 11,096 8,430 8,430 76.0 76.0
1960 Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, IA-IL  MSA Total 258 143,140 27,771 29,988 19.4 21.0
Private 210 115,966 18,797 19,920 16.2 17.2
Public 48 27,174 8,974 10,069 33.0 37.1
2000 Dayton-Springfield, OH  MSA Total 665 374,270 69,872 73,635 18.7 19.7
Private 573 323,144 53,482 55,607 16.6 17.2
Public 92 51,126 16,390 18,028 32.1 35.3
2020 Daytona Beach, FL  MSA Total 187 107,969 6,071 8,965 5.6 8.3
Private 166 96,002 4,891 4,891 5.1 5.1
Public 21 11,967 1,180 4,074 9.9 34.0
2080 Denver, CO  PMSA Total 1,081 786,627 90,203 105,767 11.5 13.4
Private 884 642,376 52,502 62,299 8.2 9.7
Public 197 144,250 37,701 43,468 26.1 30.1
2120 Des Moines, IA  MSA Total 360 183,594 25,193 30,846 13.7 16.8
Private 304 154,912 15,821 17,981 10.2 11.6
Public 56 28,682 9,371 12,865 32.7 44.9
2160 Detroit, MI  PMSA Total 3,616 1,858,694 506,002 545,291 27.2 29.3
Private 3,157 1,630,052 363,296 391,137 22.3 24.0
Public 459 228,642 142,706 154,154 62.4 67.4
2240 Duluth, MN-WI MSA Total 76 64,383 23,489 23,489 36.5 36.5
Private 62 52,635 13,634 13,634 25.9 25.9
Public 14 11,748 9,855 9,855 83.9 83.9
2320 El Paso, TX  MSA Total 320 207,336 14,990 24,668 7.2 11.9
Private 255 165,495 7,053 10,331 4.3 6.2
Public 65 41,842 7,938 14,337 19.0 34.3
2360 Erie, PA  MSA Total 153 95,130 18,053 21,969 19.0 23.1
Private 135 83,997 11,765 13,215 14.0 15.7
Public 18 11,133 6,288 8,754 56.5 78.6
2400 Eugene-Springfield, OR  MSA Total 177 117,015 21,707 23,805 18.6 20.3
Private 146 97,191 13,250 13,250 13.6 13.6
Public 31 19,824 8,457 10,555 42.7 53.2
2440 Evansville, IN-KY  MSA Total 149 121,538 29,976 30,853 24.7 25.4
Private 139 113,142 25,859 26,736 22.9 23.6
Public 10 8,396 4,117 4,117 49.0 49.0
2560 Fayetteville, NC  MSA Total 214 76,604 5,022 5,390 6.6 7.0
Private 156 55,826 3,097 3,097 5.5 5.5
Public 58 20,778 1,925 2,294 9.3 11.0
2580 Fayetteville-Springdale, AR  MSA Total 125 49,913 1,176 1,624 2.4 3.3
Private 94 37,570 1,176 1,624 3.1 4.3
Public 31 12,344 0 0 0.0 0.0
2640 Flint, MI  MSA Total 331 168,105 63,711 63,711 37.9 37.9
Private 291 146,836 50,498 50,498 34.4 34.4
Public 40 21,269 13,213 13,213 62.1 62.1
2650 Florence, AL  MSA Total 117 89,347 15,046 16,831 16.8 18.8
Private 87 66,553 6,756 6,756 10.2 10.2
Public 30 22,794 8,291 10,075 36.4 44.2
2655 Florence, SC  MSA Total 95 52,215 2,071 5,632 4.0 10.8
Private 76 41,408 2,071 3,117 5.0 7.5
Public 19 10,807 0 2,516 0.0 23.3
2670 Fort Collins-Loveland, CO  MSA Total 121 84,939 6,940 6,940 8.2 8.2
Private 89 63,220 2,809 2,809 4.4 4.4
Public 32 21,719 4,131 4,131 19.0 19.0
2680 Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach, FL  PMSA Total 764 461,756 42,813 50,718 9.3 11.0
Private 669 404,146 18,581 22,230 4.6 5.5
Public 95 57,610 24,232 28,488 42.1 49.4
2700 Fort Myers, FL  MSA Total 196 114,306 7,283 7,737 6.4 6.8
Private 167 97,407 3,217 3,217 3.3 3.3
Public 29 16,899 4,066 4,520 24.1 26.7
2720 Fort Smith, AR-OK  MSA Total 164 69,301 8,756 11,084 12.6 16.0
Private 145 61,121 7,382 9,709 12.1 15.9
Public 19 8,181 1,375 1,375 16.8 16.8
2750 Fort Walton Beach, FL  MSA Total 100 57,222 3,884 5,491 6.8 9.6
Private 76 43,938 0 500 0.0 1.1
Public 24 13,284 3,884 4,991 29.2 37.6
2760 Fort Wayne, IN  MSA Total 136 179,586 44,779 50,770 24.9 28.3
Private 118 155,004 35,194 35,194 22.7 22.7
Public 18 24,582 9,584 15,576 39.0 63.4
2800 Fort Worth-Arlington, TX  PMSA Total 753 637,782 69,056 81,091 10.8 12.7
Private 636 539,443 54,687 65,220 10.1 12.1
Public 117 98,339 14,369 15,872 14.6 16.1
2840 Fresno, CA  MSA Total 244 231,609 46,334 50,512 20.0 21.8
Private 202 192,160 26,296 29,513 13.7 15.4
Public 42 39,448 20,038 20,999 50.8 53.2
2880 Gadsden, AL  MSA Total 121 86,246 25,250 27,520 29.3 31.9
Private 103 73,301 18,618 20,889 25.4 28.5
Public 18 12,946 6,632 6,632 51.2 51.2
2900 Gainesville, FL  MSA Total 152 92,078 6,602 10,744 7.2 11.7
Private 90 55,021 1,281 1,281 2.3 2.3
Public 62 37,056 5,321 9,463 14.4 25.5
2920 Galveston-Texas City, TX  PMSA Total 111 90,033 11,272 12,791 12.5 14.2
Private 84 67,707 9,646 9,646 14.2 14.2
Public 27 22,326 1,626 3,145 7.3 14.1
2960 Gary-Hammond, IN  PMSA Total 187 251,193 79,640 83,039 31.7 33.1
Private 166 226,063 71,540 73,390 31.6 32.5
Public 21 25,130 8,100 9,649 32.2 38.4
3000 Grand Rapids, MI  MSA Total 621 313,638 50,799 55,249 16.2 17.6
Private 563 285,194 36,085 38,282 12.7 13.4
Public 58 28,445 14,713 16,968 51.7 59.7
3120 Greenboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC  MSA Total 1,213 433,500 26,813 37,033 6.2 8.5
Private 1,088 389,173 19,000 26,722 4.9 6.9
Public 125 44,326 7,813 10,311 17.6 23.3
3160 Greenville-Spartanburg, SC  MSA Total 498 272,399 8,859 9,942 3.3 3.6
Private 453 247,961 4,357 4,357 1.8 1.8
Public 45 24,438 4,502 5,586 18.4 22.9
3200 Hamilton-Middletown, OH  PMSA Total 172 93,848 18,278 19,895 19.5 21.2
Private 152 83,142 14,636 15,714 17.6 18.9
Public 20 10,706 3,642 4,182 34.0 39.1
3240 Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA  MSA Total 283 174,046 29,449 31,196 16.9 17.9
Private 222 136,452 15,901 15,901 11.7 11.7
Public 61 37,594 13,548 15,296 36.0 40.7
3280 Hartford, CT  PMSA Total 389 354,438 55,659 61,949 15.7 17.5
Private 345 315,224 33,438 36,474 10.6 11.6
Public 44 39,214 22,222 25,475 56.7 65.0
3290 Hickory, NC  MSA Total 326 113,571 3,948 4,619 3.5 4.1
Private 299 104,170 2,967 3,335 2.8 3.2
Public 27 9,401 980 1,284 10.4 13.7
3320 Honolulu, HI  MSA Total 1,407 337,228 95,049 102,989 28.2 30.5
Private 1,061 253,792 48,901 54,562 19.3 21.5
Public 346 83,435 46,148 48,428 55.3 58.0
3350 Houma-Thibodaux, LA  MSA Total 106 95,149 4,015 5,760 4.2 6.1
Private 91 81,335 2,208 2,897 2.7 3.6
Public 15 13,814 1,807 2,863 13.1 20.7
3360 Houston, TX  PMSA Total 1,669 1,502,533 94,629 113,626 6.3 7.6
Private 1,446 1,307,682 51,666 63,979 4.0 4.9
Public 223 194,852 42,963 49,647 22.0 25.5
3400 Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH  MSA Total 150 50,914 7,912 12,932 15.5 25.4
Private 116 39,661 6,921 9,417 17.5 23.7
Public 34 11,254 991 3,515 8.8 31.2
3440 Huntsville, AL  MSA Total 156 118,922 11,332 14,329 9.5 12.0
Private 113 85,438 5,853 6,596 6.9 7.7
Public 43 33,484 5,479 7,733 16.4 23.1
3480 Indianapolis, IN  MSA Total 423 576,353 94,953 107,817 16.5 18.7
Private 352 480,373 73,868 76,928 15.4 16.0
Public 71 95,980 21,085 30,889 22.0 32.2
3520 Jackson, MI  MSA Total 124 62,175 17,269 17,269 27.8 27.8
Private 104 51,523 11,443 11,443 22.2 22.2
Public 20 10,652 5,826 5,826 54.7 54.7
3560 Jackson, MS  MSA Total 347 149,481 8,473 8,473 5.7 5.7
Private 284 123,321 5,108 5,108 4.1 4.1
Public 63 26,160 3,366 3,366 12.9 12.9
3600 Jacksonville, FL  MSA Total 677 411,098 47,178 65,280 11.5 15.9
Private 562 341,787 26,042 33,850 7.6 9.9
Public 115 69,311 21,136 31,431 30.5 45.3
3640 Jersey City, NJ  PMSA Total 499 233,371 75,231 79,904 32.2 34.2
Private 434 204,234 57,178 60,517 28.0 29.6
Public 65 29,136 18,053 19,387 62.0 66.5
3660 Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA  MSA Total 163 143,706 15,006 15,872 10.4 11.0
Private 146 128,912 11,499 12,365 8.9 9.6
Public 17 14,794 3,506 3,506 23.7 23.7
3680 Johnstown, PA  MSA Total 124 77,729 19,224 19,836 24.7 25.5
Private 108 67,543 12,726 12,726 18.8 18.8
Public 16 10,186 6,498 7,110 63.8 69.8
3690 Joliet, IL  PMSA Total 265 170,796 38,525 39,163 22.6 22.9
Private 236 151,496 30,081 30,081 19.9 19.9
Public 29 19,300 8,444 9,083 43.8 47.1
3710 Joplin, MO  MSA Total 106 86,026 9,012 9,012 10.5 10.5
Private 92 74,602 5,631 5,631 7.5 7.5
Public 14 11,424 3,381 3,381 29.6 29.6
3720 Kalamazoo, MI  MSA Total 184 89,380 19,251 20,625 21.5 23.1
Private 153 74,184 12,501 12,501 16.9 16.9
Public 31 15,196 6,751 8,124 44.4 53.5
3740 Kankakee, IL  MSA Total 121 76,144 20,345 21,810 26.7 28.6
Private 102 64,272 13,793 15,259 21.5 23.7
Public 19 11,871 6,552 6,552 55.2 55.2
3760 Kansas City, MO-KS  MSA Total 1,071 765,972 129,677 143,905 16.9 18.8
Private 888 627,188 86,296 90,638 13.8 14.5
Public 183 138,785 43,381 53,267 31.3 38.4
3810 Killeen-Temple, TX  MSA Total 109 84,245 3,072 5,387 3.6 6.4
Private 76 58,516 1,529 2,219 2.6 3.8
Public 33 25,729 1,543 3,168 6.0 12.3
3840 Knoxville, TN  MSA Total 275 248,400 25,590 29,837 10.3 12.0
Private 224 202,333 15,447 17,126 7.6 8.5
Public 51 46,067 10,143 12,711 22.0 27.6
3880 Lafayette, LA  MSA Total 93 82,746 4,722 5,402 5.7 6.5
Private 77 67,922 4,722 4,722 7.0 7.0
Public 16 14,823 0 680 0.0 4.6
3960 Lake Charles, LA  MSA Total 85 74,615 11,393 11,393 15.3 15.3
Private 70 61,235 8,437 8,437 13.8 13.8
Public 15 13,380 2,956 2,956 22.1 22.1
3965 Lake County, IL  PMSA Total 382 247,023 27,523 31,174 11.1 12.6
Private 349 225,768 20,814 23,555 9.2 10.4
Public 33 21,255 6,710 7,619 31.6 35.8
3980 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL  MSA Total 305 224,421 19,094 29,932 8.5 13.3
Private 268 200,411 15,364 22,646 7.7 11.3
Public 37 24,010 3,729 7,286 15.5 30.3
4000 Lancaster, PA  MSA Total 287 178,805 26,656 28,598 14.9 16.0
Private 258 161,521 16,321 18,262 10.1 11.3
Public 29 17,285 10,335 10,335 59.8 59.8
4040 Lansing-East Lansing, MI  MSA Total 401 198,748 52,310 56,787 26.3 28.6
Private 295 146,543 30,875 30,875 21.1 21.1
Public 106 52,205 21,435 25,912 41.1 49.6
4120 Las Vegas, NV  MSA Total 1,170 289,353 68,129 72,772 23.5 25.1
Private 1,035 257,039 53,920 57,139 21.0 22.2
Public 135 32,314 14,209 15,633 44.0 48.4
4160 Lawrence-Haverhill, MA-NH  PMSA Total 349 121,155 26,429 27,494 21.8 22.7
Private 302 105,267 16,026 16,782 15.2 15.9
Public 47 15,888 10,403 10,712 65.5 67.4
4200 Lawton, OK  MSA Total 114 67,557 2,502 4,822 3.7 7.1
Private 75 44,500 1,022 1,022 2.3 2.3
Public 39 23,057 1,479 3,800 6.4 16.5
4280 Lexington-Fayette, KY  MSA Total 186 134,477 8,983 9,777 6.7 7.3
Private 162 117,691 6,511 7,306 5.5 6.2
Public 24 16,786 2,472 2,472 14.7 14.7
4320 Lima, OH  MSA Total 113 63,554 21,065 21,591 33.1 34.0
Private 94 52,602 13,238 13,238 25.2 25.2
Public 19 10,951 7,828 8,353 71.5 76.3
4360 Lincoln, NE  MSA Total 370 106,541 13,700 19,970 12.9 18.7
Private 280 80,579 8,113 10,859 10.1 13.5
Public 90 25,962 5,586 9,111 21.5 35.1
4400 Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR  MSA Total 498 210,840 24,895 26,592 11.8 12.6
Private 399 168,833 12,362 13,325 7.3 7.9
Public 99 42,007 12,533 13,267 29.8 31.6
4440 Lorain-Elyria, OH  PMSA Total 188 109,777 24,673 26,961 22.5 24.6
Private 169 98,843 20,136 20,691 20.4 20.9
Public 19 10,934 4,537 6,270 41.5 57.3
4480 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA  PMSA Total 3,162 3,696,359 626,825 705,407 17.0 19.1
Private 2,730 3,206,331 400,920 438,924 12.5 13.7
Public 432 490,028 225,905 266,482 46.1 54.4
4520 Louisville, KY-IN  MSA Total 581 430,402 83,592 86,191 19.4 20.0
Private 516 380,606 69,946 71,859 18.4 18.9
Public 65 49,796 13,646 14,331 27.4 28.8
4560 Lowell, MA-NH  PMSA Total 342 121,624 18,743 19,035 15.4 15.7
Private 297 105,903 8,732 8,732 8.2 8.2
Public 45 15,722 10,011 10,303 63.7 65.5
4600 Lubbock, TX  MSA Total 98 83,928 2,623 4,379 3.1 5.2
Private 79 67,719 2,623 3,348 3.9 4.9
Public 19 16,209 0 1,031 0.0 6.4
4680 Macon-Warner Robins, GA  MSA Total 105 120,728 16,752 19,996 13.9 16.6
Private 87 100,269 10,569 10,569 10.5 10.5
Public 18 20,459 6,183 9,427 30.2 46.1
4720 Madison, WI  MSA Total 197 157,294 35,393 40,292 22.5 25.6
Private 140 111,321 16,250 16,250 14.6 14.6
Public 57 45,973 19,143 24,042 41.6 52.3
4760 Manchester, NH  MSA Total 255 71,009 10,347 10,841 14.6 15.3
Private 229 63,944 6,389 6,620 10.0 10.4
Public 26 7,065 3,959 4,221 56.0 59.7
4800 Mansfield, OH  MSA Total 176 96,186 30,721 31,931 31.9 33.2
Private 150 82,277 23,670 23,670 28.8 28.8
Public 26 13,909 7,051 8,261 50.7 59.4
4880 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX  MSA Total 204 158,557 23,130 25,466 14.6 16.1
Private 140 103,951 6,175 6,175 5.9 5.9
Public 64 54,606 16,956 19,291 31.1 35.3
4890 Medford, OR  MSA Total 102 64,312 14,825 14,825 23.1 23.1
Private 80 51,221 6,887 6,887 13.4 13.4
Public 22 13,091 7,938 7,938 60.6 60.6
4900 Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL  MSA Total 269 172,274 10,570 14,922 6.1 8.7
Private 236 152,300 7,843 11,592 5.1 7.6
Public 33 19,974 2,727 3,330 13.7 16.7
4920 Memphis, TN-AR-MS  MSA Total 366 342,810 56,191 65,162 16.4 19.0
Private 305 286,344 34,549 38,042 12.1 13.3
Public 61 56,466 21,642 27,120 38.3 48.0
5000 Miami-Hialeah, FL  PMSA Total 1,273 825,791 82,791 94,212 10.0 11.4
Private 1,097 715,929 35,838 36,962 5.0 5.2
Public 176 109,861 46,954 57,250 42.7 52.1
5015 Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ  PMSA Total 1,109 489,650 99,818 106,872 20.4 21.8
Private 939 415,490 67,559 72,177 16.3 17.4
Public 170 74,160 32,259 34,695 43.5 46.8
5080 Milwaukee, WI  PMSA Total 879 699,570 151,337 156,854 21.6 22.4
Private 757 603,036 98,333 99,862 16.3 16.6
Public 122 96,534 53,004 56,993 54.9 59.0
5120 Minneapolis-St, Paul, MN-WI  MSA Total 1,439 1,241,945 258,420 287,046 20.8 23.1
Private 1,228 1,062,899 168,651 184,682 15.9 17.4
Public 211 179,047 89,769 102,364 50.1 57.2
5160 Mobile, AL  MSA Total 198 142,334 18,345 24,000 12.9 16.9
Private 167 120,342 12,324 15,322 10.2 12.7
Public 31 21,992 6,021 8,678 27.4 39.5
5170 Modesto, CA  MSA Total 129 117,868 45,463 48,189 38.6 40.9
Private 102 92,594 31,425 33,192 33.9 35.8
Public 27 25,274 14,038 14,997 55.5 59.3
5190 Monmouth-Ocean, NJ  PMSA Total 811 355,948 69,604 79,927 19.6 22.5
Private 678 298,023 40,314 46,789 13.5 15.7
Public 133 57,925 29,290 33,137 50.6 57.2
5200 Monroe, LA  MSA Total 113 101,198 10,391 11,055 10.3 10.9
Private 93 83,462 9,558 9,558 11.5 11.5
Public 20 17,736 833 1,497 4.7 8.4
5240 Montgomery, AL  MSA Total 198 145,663 11,624 12,259 8.0 8.4
Private 147 110,321 5,485 5,485 5.0 5.0
Public 51 35,342 6,138 6,773 17.4 19.2
5320 Muskegon, MI  MSA Total 147 73,464 22,489 23,410 30.6 31.9
Private 134 66,977 17,995 18,915 26.9 28.2
Public 13 6,487 4,495 4,495 69.3 69.3
5360 Nashville, TN  MSA Total 475 429,031 42,888 58,659 10.0 13.7
Private 396 357,518 31,330 37,694 8.8 10.5
Public 79 71,513 11,557 20,965 16.2 29.3
5380 Nassau-Suffolk, NY  PMSA Total 1,420 1,207,309 315,041 325,391 26.1 27.0
Private 1,155 988,169 170,841 175,516 17.3 17.8
Public 265 219,140 144,200 149,875 65.8 68.4
5400 New Bedford, MA  MSA Total 171 61,033 13,818 14,157 22.6 23.2
Private 149 53,562 9,884 9,884 18.5 18.5
Public 22 7,471 3,934 4,273 52.7 57.2
5440 New Britain, CT  PMSA Total 125 92,514 15,578 15,578 16.8 16.8
Private 109 80,830 12,968 12,968 16.0 16.0
Public 16 11,684 2,610 2,610 22.3 22.3
5480 New Haven-Meriden, CT  MSA Total 232 194,472 41,744 42,416 21.5 21.8
Private 200 169,430 24,385 25,057 14.4 14.8
Public 32 25,042 17,359 17,359 69.3 69.3
5520 New London-Norwich, CT-RI  MSA Total 146 105,701 23,435 24,690 22.2 23.4
Private 121 87,249 14,753 16,008 16.9 18.3
Public 25 18,452 8,682 8,682 47.1 47.1
5560 New Orleans, LA  MSA Total 570 528,721 54,463 59,492 10.3 11.3
Private 488 456,675 31,110 33,638 6.8 7.4
Public 82 72,046 23,353 25,853 32.4 35.9
5600 New York, NY  PMSA Total 3,528 3,116,922 1,003,307 1,076,545 32.2 34.5
Private 2,916 2,576,459 598,730 653,377 23.2 25.4
Public 612 540,462 404,578 423,167 74.9 78.3
5640 Newark, NJ  PMSA Total 1,851 840,038 193,458 220,342 23.0 26.2
Private 1,603 728,245 126,454 144,976 17.4 19.9
Public 248 111,792 67,004 75,365 59.9 67.4
5700 Niagara Falls, NY  PMSA Total 114 90,656 36,003 36,003 39.7 39.7
Private 95 75,123 27,071 27,071 36.0 36.0
Public 19 15,533 8,932 8,932 57.5 57.5
5720 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA  MSA Total 557 510,621 44,932 62,108 8.8 12.2
Private 406 371,953 22,727 28,603 6.1 7.7
Public 151 138,668 22,205 33,505 16.0 24.2
5760 Norwalk, CT  PMSA Total 89 70,464 4,305 4,985 6.1 7.1
Private 85 67,024 2,646 3,326 3.9 5.0
Public 4 3,439 1,659 1,659 48.2 48.2
5775 Oakland, CA  PMSA Total 718 934,659 194,102 228,497 20.8 24.4
Private 595 777,530 130,770 149,963 16.8 19.3
Public 123 157,128 63,333 78,535 40.3 50.0
5790 Ocala, FL  MSA Total 144 91,388 6,500 8,109 7.1 8.9
Private 126 80,945 2,999 2,999 3.7 3.7
Public 18 10,443 3,501 5,110 33.5 48.9
5880 Oklahoma City, OK  MSA Total 666 431,813 38,967 45,185 9.0 10.5
Private 530 353,289 24,897 27,240 7.0 7.7
Public 136 78,524 14,070 17,945 17.9 22.9
5910 Olympia, WA  MSA Total 137 116,845 29,756 41,874 25.5 35.8
Private 74 62,883 11,951 13,593 19.0 21.6
Public 63 53,962 17,805 28,281 33.0 52.4
5920 Omaha, NE-IA  MSA Total 815 233,862 32,339 46,160 13.8 19.7
Private 688 198,221 17,844 27,869 9.0 14.1
Public 127 35,641 14,496 18,290 40.7 51.3
5950 Orange County, NY  PMSA Total 246 152,424 37,770 38,389 24.8 25.2
Private 180 109,083 14,444 14,444 13.2 13.2
Public 66 43,341 23,326 23,946 53.8 55.3
5960 Orlando, FL  MSA Total 734 438,945 32,109 49,380 7.3 11.2
Private 627 376,220 18,371 26,082 4.9 6.9
Public 107 62,725 13,739 23,298 21.9 37.1
6000 Oxnard-Ventura, CA  PMSA Total 208 271,266 48,716 63,365 18.0 23.4
Private 176 231,634 30,717 37,047 13.3 16.0
Public 32 39,632 17,998 26,318 45.4 66.4
6060 Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro, RI-MA  PMSA Total 244 60,973 12,781 13,040 21.0 21.4
Private 226 56,568 9,365 9,624 16.6 17.0
Public 18 4,405 3,416 3,416 77.5 77.5
6080 Pensacola, FL  MSA Total 200 116,630 12,385 21,964 10.6 18.8
Private 163 94,554 6,510 9,481 6.9 10.0
Public 37 22,075 5,875 12,483 26.6 56.5
6120 Peoria, IL  MSA Total 222 136,474 36,060 36,812 26.4 27.0
Private 184 113,164 30,563 30,563 27.0 27.0
Public 38 23,310 5,496 6,248 23.6 26.8
6160 Philadelphia, PA-NJ  PMSA Total 3,601 2,156,367 440,428 510,796 20.4 23.7
Private 3,046 1,825,566 281,914 321,248 15.4 17.6
Public 555 330,801 158,514 189,548 47.9 57.3
6200 Phoenix, AZ  MSA Total 1,225 905,293 59,601 73,324 6.6 8.1
Private 1,074 791,428 35,761 40,794 4.5 5.2
Public 151 113,865 23,840 32,530 20.9 28.6
6280 Pittsburgh, PA  PMSA Total 1,330 838,114 190,241 205,816 22.7 24.6
Private 1,164 732,081 134,219 141,179 18.3 19.3
Public 166 106,033 56,022 64,637 52.8 61.0
6400 Portland, ME  MSA Total 369 92,227 12,560 13,020 13.6 14.1
Private 319 79,915 5,642 5,838 7.1 7.3
Public 50 12,312 6,918 7,182 56.2 58.3
6440 Portland, OR  PMSA Total 843 544,291 100,728 117,750 18.5 21.6
Private 727 469,329 63,457 70,156 13.5 14.9
Public 116 74,962 37,272 47,593 49.7 63.5
6450 Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, NH-ME  MSA Total 255 70,318 8,770 12,044 12.5 17.1
Private 207 57,294 3,821 4,985 6.7 8.7
Public 48 13,024 4,948 7,059 38.0 54.2
6460 Poughkeepsie, NY  MSA Total 195 146,830 19,261 22,466 13.1 15.3
Private 164 124,888 7,401 8,356 5.9 6.7
Public 31 21,942 11,860 14,110 54.1 64.3
6480 Providence, RI  PMSA Total 1,121 284,737 59,410 61,817 20.9 21.7
Private 950 241,650 29,646 31,397 12.3 13.0
Public 171 43,086 29,764 30,420 69.1 70.6
6520 Provo-Orem, UT  MSA Total 162 49,221 8,095 8,991 16.4 18.3
Private 133 40,382 3,118 3,118 7.7 7.7
Public 29 8,839 4,977 5,874 56.3 66.5
6560 Pueblo, CO  MSA Total 91 70,060 7,225 7,992 10.3 11.4
Private 68 52,770 3,748 4,515 7.1 8.6
Public 23 17,290 3,477 3,477 20.1 20.1
6600 Racine, WI  PMSA Total 179 147,912 37,371 40,358 25.3 27.3
Private 156 129,909 27,921 27,921 21.5 21.5
Public 23 18,004 9,449 12,437 52.5 69.1
6640 Raleigh-Durham, NC  MSA Total 956 342,697 19,238 21,721 5.6 6.3
Private 751 269,395 6,560 8,783 2.4 3.3
Public 205 73,302 12,678 12,938 17.3 17.6
6680 Reading, PA  MSA Total 246 152,506 26,123 27,277 17.1 17.9
Private 217 134,313 18,133 19,287 13.5 14.4
Public 29 18,193 7,990 7,990 43.9 43.9
6720 Reno, NV  MSA Total 312 78,365 5,540 8,111 7.1 10.3
Private 284 71,601 3,947 5,281 5.5 7.4
Public 28 6,764 1,594 2,830 23.6 41.8
6760 Richmond-Petersburg, VA  MSA Total 382 349,843 36,164 45,223 10.3 12.9
Private 317 290,270 24,761 31,992 8.5 11.0
Public 65 59,572 11,403 13,231 19.1 22.2
6780 Riverside-San Bernardino, CA  PMSA Total 534 741,519 137,285 174,832 18.5 23.6
Private 446 625,485 89,560 110,861 14.3 17.7
Public 88 116,034 47,725 63,971 41.1 55.1
6800 Roanoke, VA  MSA Total 149 137,591 15,648 17,588 11.4 12.8
Private 133 123,393 13,308 14,256 10.8 11.6
Public 16 14,198 2,340 3,332 16.5 23.5
6840 Rochester, NY  MSA Total 560 457,622 72,217 74,211 15.8 16.2
Private 471 387,946 31,499 32,557 8.1 8.4
Public 89 69,675 40,718 41,654 58.4 59.8
6880 Rockford, IL  MSA Total 184 114,860 20,454 22,840 17.8 19.9
Private 168 105,520 16,344 17,632 15.5 16.7
Public 16 9,340 4,110 5,208 44.0 55.8
6920 Sacramento, CA  MSA Total 415 526,146 120,971 161,209 23.0 30.6
Private 305 388,564 48,927 62,676 12.6 16.1
Public 110 137,582 72,044 98,533 52.4 71.6
6960 Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI  MSA Total 431 214,153 60,194 63,327 28.1 29.6
Private 380 189,314 46,062 48,613 24.3 25.7
Public 51 24,840 14,132 14,714 56.9 59.2
7040 St. Louis, MO-IL  PMSA Total 751 829,383 167,561 187,276 20.2 22.6
Private 659 732,956 141,853 149,933 19.4 20.5
Public 92 96,427 25,708 37,343 26.7 38.7
7080 Salem, OR  MSA Total 171 111,551 25,143 32,649 22.5 29.3
Private 124 81,263 10,895 13,547 13.4 16.7
Public 47 30,288 14,248 19,102 47.0 63.1
7090 Salem-Gloucester, MA  PMSA Total 397 139,434 20,702 22,794 14.8 16.3
Private 349 122,634 11,451 12,767 9.3 10.4
Public 48 16,800 9,251 10,027 55.1 59.7
7120 Salinas-Seaside-Monterey, CA  MSA Total 95 90,658 19,412 23,125 21.4 25.5
Private 67 63,422 6,891 7,737 10.9 12.2
Public 28 27,236 12,521 15,388 46.0 56.5
7160 Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT  MSA Total 1,317 412,562 48,927 65,922 11.9 16.0
Private 1,003 314,239 18,515 22,145 5.9 7.0
Public 314 98,323 30,411 43,777 30.9 44.5
7240 San Antonio, TX  MSA Total 718 457,792 27,143 32,973 5.9 7.2
Private 557 354,339 9,207 11,271 2.6 3.2
Public 161 103,453 17,936 21,702 17.3 21.0
7320 San Diego, CA  MSA Total 684 911,096 170,731 187,823 18.7 20.6
Private 563 746,977 71,973 74,502 9.6 10.0
Public 121 164,119 98,758 113,322 60.2 69.0
7360 San Francisco, CA  PMSA Total 575 743,709 171,401 194,344 23.0 26.1
Private 473 615,943 111,033 118,158 18.0 19.2
Public 102 127,766 60,368 76,186 47.2 59.6
7400 San Jose, CA  PMSA Total 519 689,573 98,631 110,598 14.3 16.0
Private 458 611,441 63,550 63,550 10.4 10.4
Public 61 78,132 35,081 47,048 44.9 60.2
7480 Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA  MSA Total 141 133,290 20,314 23,931 15.2 18.0
Private 115 109,754 13,329 13,329 12.1 12.1
Public 26 23,536 6,984 10,602 29.7 45.0
7485 Santa Cruz, CA  PMSA Total 114 108,966 15,703 22,253 14.4 20.4
Private 87 83,044 4,925 5,981 5.9 7.2
Public 27 25,922 10,778 16,272 41.6 62.8
7500 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA  PMSA Total 139 132,248 21,673 27,418 16.4 20.7
Private 121 114,441 12,681 15,314 11.1 13.4
Public 18 17,808 8,992 12,104 50.5 68.0
7510 Sarasota, FL  MSA Total 148 84,327 5,094 8,665 6.0 10.3
Private 126 71,600 1,516 3,888 2.1 5.4
Public 22 12,727 3,577 4,777 28.1 37.5
7520 Savannah, GA  MSA Total 109 129,515 8,395 8,395 6.5 6.5
Private 88 105,806 5,951 5,951 5.6 5.6
Public 21 23,709 2,444 2,444 10.3 10.3
7560 Scranton-Wilkes Barre, PA  MSA Total 438 272,259 68,927 75,717 25.3 27.8
Private 367 228,131 46,320 49,477 20.3 21.7
Public 71 44,128 22,607 26,240 51.2 59.5
7600 Seattle, WA  PMSA Total 996 931,868 235,022 274,944 25.2 29.5
Private 842 787,461 161,408 190,960 20.5 24.3
Public 154 144,407 73,614 83,985 51.0 58.2
7610 Sharon, PA  MSA Total 117 72,321 18,892 18,892 26.1 26.1
Private 102 63,226 14,082 14,082 22.3 22.3
Public 15 9,095 4,811 4,811 52.9 52.9
7680 Shreveport, LA  MSA Total 142 127,561 16,744 22,910 13.1 18.0
Private 111 100,291 10,099 10,099 10.1 10.1
Public 31 27,270 6,645 12,811 24.4 47.0
7720 Sioux City, IA-NE  MSA Total 99 50,938 9,648 11,130 18.9 21.9
Private 86 44,447 7,014 7,529 15.8 16.9
Public 13 6,491 2,634 3,601 40.6 55.5
7760 Sioux Falls, SD  MSA Total 585 60,634 6,858 8,409 11.3 13.9
Private 507 52,322 3,130 4,212 6.0 8.0
Public 78 8,312 3,728 4,198 44.9 50.5
7800 South Bend-Mishawaka, IN  MSA Total 107 95,756 8,693 9,564 9.1 10.0
Private 97 87,966 7,206 7,206 8.2 8.2
Public 10 7,790 1,488 2,359 19.1 30.3
7840 Spokane, WA  MSA Total 163 149,630 23,410 34,443 15.6 23.0
Private 141 129,024 15,715 21,802 12.2 16.9
Public 22 20,606 7,695 12,641 37.3 61.3
7880 Springfield, IL  MSA Total 137 83,880 16,112 20,908 19.2 24.9
Private 94 57,757 7,797 9,350 13.5 16.2
Public 43 26,124 8,315 11,558 31.8 44.2
7920 Springfield, MO  MSA Total 104 83,109 5,829 5,829 7.0 7.0
Private 86 68,742 4,201 4,201 6.1 6.1
Public 18 14,368 1,628 1,628 11.3 11.3
8000 Springfield, MA  MSA Total 612 215,591 49,657 53,075 23.0 24.6
Private 507 179,637 29,800 31,859 16.6 17.7
Public 105 35,954 19,856 21,216 55.2 59.0
8040 Stamford, CT  PMSA Total 111 78,827 9,211 12,057 11.7 15.3
Private 104 73,984 7,400 10,246 10.0 13.8
Public 7 4,844 1,811 1,811 37.4 37.4
8120 Stockton, CA  MSA Total 177 166,832 36,809 40,149 22.1 24.1
Private 147 139,270 19,781 20,702 14.2 14.9
Public 30 27,562 17,028 19,447 61.8 70.6
8160 Syracuse, NY  MSA Total 354 291,461 66,235 71,375 22.7 24.5
Private 294 241,794 39,182 40,383 16.2 16.7
Public 60 49,667 27,053 30,992 54.5 62.4
8200 Tacoma, WA  PMSA Total 207 191,512 47,127 55,994 24.6 29.2
Private 172 160,507 32,705 38,639 20.4 24.1
Public 35 31,005 14,421 17,355 46.5 56.0
8240 Tallahassee, FL  MSA Total 194 158,293 2,204 10,986 1.4 6.9
Private 116 96,024 1,129 1,129 1.2 1.2
Public 78 62,270 1,075 9,858 1.7 15.8
8280 Tampa-St, Petersburg-Clearwater, FL  MSA Total 1,381 812,575 56,848 80,161 7.0 9.9
Private 1,182 696,265 25,498 31,390 3.7 4.5
Public 199 116,311 31,350 48,771 27.0 41.9
8320 Terre Haute, IN  MSA Total 74 58,463 9,268 9,268 15.9 15.9
Private 60 47,438 6,855 6,855 14.5 14.5
Public 14 11,024 2,413 2,413 21.9 21.9
8400 Toledo, OH  MSA Total 469 268,650 80,920 86,029 30.1 32.0
Private 396 227,698 58,837 61,223 25.8 26.9
Public 73 40,953 22,084 24,807 53.9 60.6
8440 Topeka, KS  MSA Total 134 63,934 7,602 11,082 11.9 17.3
Private 101 48,198 6,599 6,998 13.7 14.5
Public 33 15,736 1,004 4,085 6.4 26.0
8480 Trenton, NJ  PMSA Total 378 164,552 46,677 50,014 28.4 30.4
Private 272 118,479 18,036 18,852 15.2 15.9
Public 106 46,073 28,641 31,162 62.2 67.6
8520 Tucson, AZ  MSA Total 309 230,060 15,819 18,247 6.9 7.9
Private 234 174,635 8,798 9,402 5.0 5.4
Public 75 55,425 7,022 8,844 12.7 16.0
8560 Tulsa, OK  MSA Total 554 325,496 32,614 34,466 10.0 10.6
Private 500 294,534 22,764 24,049 7.7 8.2
Public 54 30,962 9,850 10,417 31.8 33.6
8600 Tuscaloosa, AL  MSA Total 153 116,485 9,146 9,854 7.9 8.5
Private 96 71,182 5,398 5,398 7.6 7.6
Public 57 45,302 3,748 4,456 8.3 9.8
8680 Utica-Rome, NY  MSA Total 207 120,741 32,707 35,640 27.1 29.5
Private 154 90,626 15,417 17,084 17.0 18.9
Public 53 30,115 17,291 18,556 57.4 61.6
8720 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA  PMSA Total 179 175,566 50,570 53,110 28.8 30.3
Private 143 140,923 33,847 35,525 24.0 25.2
Public 36 34,643 16,723 17,585 48.3 50.8
8780 Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA  MSA Total 153 151,571 14,520 20,228 9.6 13.3
Private 131 130,593 7,979 9,268 6.1 7.1
Public 22 20,978 6,541 10,961 31.2 52.2
8800 Waco, TX  MSA Total 92 77,482 6,748 7,776 8.7 10.0
Private 72 60,021 3,531 3,531 5.9 5.9
Public 20 17,461 3,217 4,245 18.4 24.3
8840 Washington, DC-MD-VA  MSA Total 3,859 2,045,384 263,484 328,929 12.9 16.1
Private 2,528 1,396,291 116,912 144,189 8.4 10.3
Public 1,331 649,093 146,572 184,740 22.6 28.5
8880 Waterbury, CT  MSA Total 192 137,569 26,060 26,623 18.9 19.4
Private 169 121,026 13,143 13,706 10.9 11.3
Public 23 16,543 12,917 12,917 78.1 78.1
8920 Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA  MSA Total 107 53,838 10,532 13,930 19.6 25.9
Private 81 41,355 5,682 6,141 13.7 14.8
Public 26 12,483 4,850 7,789 38.9 62.4
8960 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach, FL  MSA Total 526 306,207 18,009 23,117 5.9 7.5
Private 472 274,959 7,195 8,987 2.6 3.3
Public 54 31,248 10,815 14,130 34.6 45.2
9000 Wheeling, WV-OH  MSA Total 77 29,230 7,709 8,024 26.4 27.5
Private 66 24,577 5,804 5,804 23.6 23.6
Public 11 4,653 1,906 2,220 41.0 47.7
9040 Wichita, KS  MSA Total 543 249,876 29,401 35,354 11.8 14.1
Private 452 208,028 18,528 23,274 8.9 11.2
Public 91 41,848 10,873 12,080 26.0 28.9
9140 Williamsport, PA  MSA Total 145 89,951 13,889 15,843 15.4 17.6
Private 128 79,644 9,644 11,000 12.1 13.8
Public 17 10,307 4,245 4,843 41.2 47.0
9160 Wilmington, DE-NJ-MD  PMSA Total 1,409 209,412 33,278 34,982 15.9 16.7
Private 1,242 184,867 20,994 21,882 11.4 11.8
Public 167 24,546 12,284 13,100 50.0 53.4
9240 Worcester, MA  MSA Total 593 206,714 34,313 39,184 16.6 19.0
Private 505 176,455 19,878 23,046 11.3 13.1
Public 88 30,259 14,434 16,138 47.7 53.3
9280 York, PA  MSA Total 292 182,086 30,639 33,404 16.8 18.3
Private 264 164,855 24,054 26,172 14.6 15.9
Public 28 17,231 6,584 7,232 38.2 42.0
9320 Youngstown-Warren, OH  MSA Total 361 199,234 62,603 68,691 31.4 34.5
Private 317 175,599 51,019 55,966 29.1 31.9
Public 44 23,635 11,584 12,724 49.0 53.8
9340 Yuba City, CA  MSA Total 113 108,018 30,537 32,421 28.3 30.0
Private 77 73,962 9,426 10,301 12.7 13.9
Public 36 34,056 21,110 22,120 62.0 65.0
                 
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 1988. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage
and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are union members, Covered=workers covered by a collective
bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers who are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed
workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Metropolitan areas shown in the 1995-2001 tables are based
on 1993 Census definitions used in the CPS; those shown in the 1986-1994 tables are based on 1984 Census definitions.
CMSAs at the top of the table and the MSAs and PMSAs in the remainder of the table are identified by Census FIPS codes included
in the CPS.  For five CMSAs during 1986-94, counts for the component PMSAs do not add to the CMSA total because the CPS
failed to assign some households to PMSAs.  This causes employment estimates in the component PMSAs to be understated. 
CMSA employment counts are correct for these five urban areas during 1986-93, but are understated in 1994.  The five CMSAs
are: Boston, Hartford, Philadelphia, Providence, and St. Louis.
© 2002 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.