Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 1987 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation Name	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, & MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS	19,618	10,770,202	725,802	944,012	6.7	8.8
3	Legislators	24	10,044	0	292	0.0	2.9
4	Chief executives and general administrators, public admin.	38	22,371	1,359	1,359	6.1	6.1
5	Administrators and officials, public administration	906	458,861	85,465	115,278	18.6	25.1
6	Administrators, protective services	93	44,313	10,454	10,454	23.6	23.6
7	Financial managers	819	444,750	5,976	11,004	1.3	2.5
8	Personnel and labor relations managers	223	130,788	195	2,218	0.1	1.7
9	Purchasing managers	169	97,409	2,803	3,864	2.9	4.0
13	Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations	737	430,632	9,309	14,649	2.2	3.4
14	Administrators, education and related fields	939	483,270	99,059	125,984	20.5	26.1
15	Managers, medicine and health	275	145,548	10,824	13,597	7.4	9.3
16	Managers, properties and real estate	488	283,455	8,908	12,275	3.1	4.3
17	Postmasters and mail superintendents	89	40,247	17,001	18,409	42.2	45.7
18	Funeral directors	44	22,262	0	437	0.0	2.0
19	Managers and administrators, n.e.c.	8,818	4,862,822	218,431	277,388	4.5	5.7
23	Accountants and auditors	2,048	1,149,716	76,225	102,671	6.6	8.9
24	Underwriters	165	95,017	2,111	3,527	2.2	3.7
25	Other financial officers	1,052	569,954	13,174	23,369	2.3	4.1
26	Management analysts	188	103,157	3,754	6,574	3.6	6.4
27	Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists	696	380,181	39,464	47,684	10.4	12.5
28	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	22	8,434	1,819	1,819	21.6	21.6
29	Buyers, wholesale and retail trade except farm products	356	207,227	5,890	7,620	2.8	3.7
33	Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.	431	234,652	15,404	21,343	6.6	9.1
34	Business and promotion agents	26	14,900	2,239	2,827	15.0	19.0
35	Construction inspectors	106	55,295	13,598	17,371	24.6	31.4
36	Inspectors and compliance officers, exc. construction	336	184,775	63,981	76,001	34.6	41.1
37	Management related occupations, n.e.c.	530	290,118	18,360	25,997	6.3	9.0
	PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS	15,571	8,500,358	976,737	1,209,124	11.5	14.2
43	Architects	136	76,815	3,442	4,380	4.5	5.7
44	Aerospace engineers	161	107,577	9,458	15,596	8.8	14.5
45	Metallurgical and materials engineers	43	23,182	2,951	3,662	12.7	15.8
46	Mining engineers	14	5,368	1,166	1,277	21.7	23.8
47	Petroleum engineers	45	26,048	0	0	0.0	0.0
48	Chemical engineers	105	58,381	2,015	2,015	3.5	3.5
49	Nuclear engineers	29	16,505	1,554	1,554	9.4	9.4
53	Civil engineers	385	202,574	30,860	36,728	15.2	18.1
54	Agricultural engineers	2	1,484	0	0	0.0	0.0
55	Electrical and electronic engineers	911	520,075	36,943	48,597	7.1	9.3
56	Industrial engineers	380	227,640	15,678	20,033	6.9	8.8
57	Mechanical engineers	449	255,670	17,822	19,542	7.0	7.6
58	Marine and naval architects engineers	20	11,479	3,025	3,313	26.4	28.9
59	Engineers, n.e.c.	381	210,020	11,218	15,904	5.3	7.6
63	Surveyors and mapping scientists	51	26,597	2,463	3,510	9.3	13.2
64	Computer systems analysts and scientists	730	410,802	26,419	34,032	6.4	8.3
65	Operations and systems researchers and analysts	354	197,978	7,306	9,352	3.7	4.7
66	Actuaries	20	10,596	0	0	0.0	0.0
67	Statisticians	46	22,978	2,745	2,899	11.9	12.6
68	Mathematical scientists, n.e.c.	7	3,512	1,036	1,036	29.5	29.5
69	Physicists and astronomers	46	25,723	3,140	4,379	12.2	17.0
73	Chemists, except biochemists	223	124,057	9,161	10,852	7.4	8.7
74	Atmospheric and space scientists	21	13,012	1,638	2,667	12.6	20.5
75	Geologists and geodesists	75	38,685	1,770	2,786	4.6	7.2
76	Physical scientists, n.e.c.	29	14,022	1,047	2,860	7.5	20.4
77	Agricultural and food scientists	60	28,007	1,514	3,019	5.4	10.8
78	Biological and life scientists	137	72,293	4,074	7,024	5.6	9.7
79	Forestry and conservation scientists	57	22,689	1,033	2,171	4.6	9.6
83	Medical scientists	65	37,891	1,704	2,571	4.5	6.8
84	Physicians	441	255,932	14,558	28,400	5.7	11.1
85	Dentists	29	17,404	2,182	3,278	12.5	18.8
86	Veterinarians	37	19,358	514	894	2.7	4.6
87	Optometrists	20	11,488	0	0	0.0	0.0
88	Podiatrists	1	470	0	0	0.0	0.0
89	Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c.	5	3,334	0	0	0.0	0.0
95	Registered nurses	2,965	1,577,611	253,524	310,676	16.1	19.7
96	Pharmacists	222	119,909	11,983	13,045	10.0	10.9
97	Dietitians	112	61,477	7,205	8,574	11.7	13.9
98	Inhalation therapists	102	58,161	7,398	9,638	12.7	16.6
99	Occupational therapists	61	33,815	7,046	8,934	20.8	26.4
103	Physical therapists	133	67,845	4,245	5,580	6.3	8.2
104	Speech therapists	127	67,465	24,042	29,089	35.6	43.1
105	Therapists, n.e.c.	85	45,152	10,208	11,679	22.6	25.9
106	Physicians' assistants	100	59,699	11,436	13,273	19.2	22.2
163	Counselors, educational and vocational	363	191,161	74,988	90,334	39.2	47.3
164	Librarians	397	198,320	44,425	53,543	22.4	27.0
165	Archivists and curators	42	24,565	4,088	4,088	16.6	16.6
166	Economists	181	99,935	3,730	7,754	3.7	7.8
167	Psychologists	217	118,955	23,756	29,508	20.0	24.8
168	Sociologists	1	1,166	0	0	0.0	0.0
169	Social scientists, n.e.c.	31	15,675	449	1,054	2.9	6.7
173	Urban planners	23	10,023	2,154	3,774	21.5	37.7
174	Social workers	909	488,330	124,574	145,396	25.5	29.8
175	Recreation workers	164	85,626	5,138	6,279	6.0	7.3
176	Clergy	520	266,620	3,963	4,408	1.5	1.7
177	Religious workers, n.e.c.	148	83,012	899	899	1.1	1.1
178	Lawyers	690	357,727	13,566	18,237	3.8	5.1
179	Judges	69	37,950	4,918	4,918	13.0	13.0
183	Authors	31	17,036	547	547	3.2	3.2
184	Technical writers	79	46,047	2,689	3,362	5.8	7.3
185	Designers	720	402,927	21,265	24,615	5.3	6.1
186	Musicians and composers	160	95,137	14,577	16,253	15.3	17.1
187	Actors and directors	119	66,215	10,126	13,601	15.3	20.5
188	Painters, sculptors, craft-artists, and artist print-makers	153	90,116	6,870	9,040	7.6	10.0
189	Photographers	134	73,021	5,905	7,222	8.1	9.9
193	Dancers	26	13,137	2,881	2,881	21.9	21.9
194	Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.	67	34,802	4,866	4,866	14.0	14.0
195	Editors and reporters	458	241,252	28,157	31,775	11.7	13.2
197	Public relations specialists	249	136,531	5,877	7,042	4.3	5.2
198	Announcers	96	52,698	2,308	2,404	4.4	4.6
199	Athletes	102	61,593	8,500	10,503	13.8	17.1
	TEACHERS, POSTSECONDARY	1,274	664,862	125,173	171,134	18.8	25.7
113	Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers	16	8,702	1,751	2,427	20.1	27.9
114	Biological science teachers	50	24,527	3,834	5,228	15.6	21.3
115	Chemistry teachers	20	11,522	1,627	2,063	14.1	17.9
116	Physics teachers	29	13,811	2,371	3,401	17.2	24.6
117	Natural science teachers, n.e.c.	4	2,764	888	2,263	32.1	81.9
118	Psychology teachers	37	17,586	3,462	5,056	19.7	28.7
119	Economics teachers	41	24,684	4,403	4,403	17.8	17.8
123	History teachers	29	17,056	7,072	7,072	41.5	41.5
124	Political science teachers	20	11,286	2,341	4,239	20.7	37.6
125	Sociology teachers	16	9,062	1,601	3,065	17.7	33.8
126	Social science teachers, n.e.c.	14	5,715	1,174	2,018	20.5	35.3
127	Engineering teachers	40	17,093	4,257	5,048	24.9	29.5
128	Mathematical science teachers	74	35,861	6,680	11,263	18.6	31.4
129	Computer science teachers	21	10,325	551	2,296	5.3	22.2
133	Medical science teachers	25	13,646	570	570	4.2	4.2
134	Health specialties teachers	70	38,479	9,216	12,479	24.0	32.4
135	Business, commerce, and marketing teachers	50	25,126	3,411	6,692	13.6	26.6
136	Agriculture and forestry teachers	4	1,630	0	0	0.0	0.0
137	Art, drama, and music teachers	74	39,310	9,106	11,851	23.2	30.1
138	Physical education teachers	20	13,245	3,857	8,076	29.1	61.0
139	Education teachers	18	9,715	4,093	4,900	42.1	50.4
143	English teachers	116	58,675	11,743	14,711	20.0	25.1
144	Foreign language teachers	32	16,433	5,025	6,415	30.6	39.0
145	Law teachers	12	6,311	603	603	9.6	9.6
146	Social work teachers	4	2,086	0	627	0.0	30.1
147	Theology teachers	26	15,914	1,621	2,370	10.2	14.9
148	Trade and industrial teachers	5	2,112	244	244	11.6	11.6
149	Home economics teachers	2	456	0	0	0.0	0.0
153	Teachers, postsecondary, n.e.c.	6	2,554	0	0	0.0	0.0
154	Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified	399	209,179	33,672	41,756	16.1	20.0
	TEACHERS, EXCEPT POSTSECONDARY	6,587	3,442,248	1,684,540	1,961,368	48.9	57.0
155	Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten	707	386,014	81,590	100,184	21.1	26.0
156	Teachers, elementary school	2,563	1,319,379	761,964	879,828	57.8	66.7
157	Teachers, secondary school	2,252	1,170,199	683,756	790,107	58.4	67.5
158	Teachers, special education	414	211,765	126,784	147,965	59.9	69.9
159	Teachers, n.e.c.	651	354,891	30,447	43,284	8.6	12.2
	TECHNICIANS AND RELATED SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	5,979	3,242,613	340,871	411,950	10.5	12.7
203	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	475	248,056	26,443	31,764	10.7	12.8
204	Dental hygienists	144	74,577	3,186	3,186	4.3	4.3
205	Health record technologists and technicians	98	55,680	2,539	3,128	4.6	5.6
206	Radiologic technicians	241	132,812	9,041	13,347	6.8	10.0
207	Licensed practical nurses	757	403,310	43,423	53,192	10.8	13.2
208	Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.	395	212,621	22,402	25,847	10.5	12.2
213	Electrical and electronic technicians	525	292,899	53,140	64,488	18.1	22.0
214	Industrial engineering technicians	7	4,255	1,095	1,095	25.7	25.7
215	Mechanical engineering technicians	22	11,861	1,055	1,055	8.9	8.9
216	Engineering technicians, n.e.c.	374	209,456	20,140	26,737	9.6	12.8
217	Drafting occupations	481	274,838	24,642	30,499	9.0	11.1
218	Surveying and mapping technicians	127	69,943	5,687	6,990	8.1	10.0
223	Biological technicians	103	55,412	5,206	5,206	9.4	9.4
224	Chemical technicians	153	70,954	9,050	10,797	12.8	15.2
225	Science technicians, n.e.c.	115	64,160	6,922	7,622	10.8	11.9
226	Airplane pilots and navigators	147	73,564	32,567	34,354	44.3	46.7
227	Air traffic controllers	66	32,902	7,777	10,687	23.6	32.5
228	Broadcast equipment operators	37	20,553	5,976	5,976	29.1	29.1
229	Computer programmers	905	512,322	25,736	34,912	5.0	6.8
233	Tool programmers, numerical control	3	1,948	0	0	0.0	0.0
234	Legal assistants	352	184,604	5,386	7,546	2.9	4.1
235	Technicians, n.e.c.	452	235,888	29,457	33,523	12.5	14.2
	SALES OCCUPATIONS	19,755	10,859,876	612,411	691,032	5.6	6.4
243	Supervisors and proprietors, sales occupations	4,142	2,267,547	125,977	141,614	5.6	6.2
253	Insurance sales occupations	709	385,281	13,945	18,086	3.6	4.7
254	Real estate sales occupations	784	441,361	11,261	17,213	2.6	3.9
255	Securities and financial services sales occupations	447	247,701	3,329	4,315	1.3	1.7
256	Advertising and related sales occupations	245	127,515	7,398	8,455	5.8	6.6
257	Sales occupations, other business services	819	471,684	19,292	24,576	4.1	5.2
258	Sales engineers	59	32,955	0	0	0.0	0.0
259	Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale	2,393	1,338,868	24,969	36,346	1.9	2.7
263	Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats	482	277,546	6,596	6,841	2.4	2.5
264	Sales workers, apparel	811	431,283	7,516	8,861	1.7	2.1
265	Sales workers, shoes	194	117,476	4,907	4,907	4.2	4.2
266	Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings	287	156,556	2,117	2,333	1.4	1.5
267	Sales workers, radio, TV, hi-fi, and appliances	289	166,288	1,945	3,132	1.2	1.9
268	Sales workers, hardware and building supplies	367	195,430	2,752	3,709	1.4	1.9
269	Sales workers, parts	276	152,897	8,101	8,170	5.3	5.3
274	Sales workers, other commodities	2,577	1,417,688	52,981	58,820	3.7	4.1
275	Sales counter clerks	292	161,090	4,408	4,989	2.7	3.1
276	Cashiers	4,162	2,248,403	310,751	332,160	13.8	14.8
277	Street and door-to-door sales workers	217	117,756	1,209	1,812	1.0	1.5
278	News vendors	125	63,924	1,365	2,414	2.1	3.8
283	Demonstrators, promoters and models, sales	51	26,658	1,591	2,277	6.0	8.5
284	Auctioneers	4	2,087	0	0	0.0	0.0
285	Sales support occupations, n.e.c.	23	11,884	0	0	0.0	0.0
	ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, INC. CLERICAL	32,320	17,698,062	2,311,381	2,764,777	13.1	15.6
303	Supervisors, general office	810	425,256	49,678	65,259	11.7	15.3
304	Supervisors, computer equipment operators	93	49,143	1,721	2,699	3.5	5.5
305	Supervisors, financial records processing	144	80,772	4,733	5,363	5.9	6.6
306	Chief communications operators	6	3,611	0	0	0.0	0.0
307	Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks	285	157,544	37,651	41,921	23.9	26.6
308	Computer operators	1,567	907,694	89,128	115,375	9.8	12.7
309	Peripheral equipment operators	4	2,269	0	0	0.0	0.0
313	Secretaries	7,398	3,968,977	270,202	356,027	6.8	9.0
314	Stenographers	73	38,893	13,068	13,533	33.6	34.8
315	Typists	1,490	819,156	99,467	127,243	12.1	15.5
316	Interviewers	288	165,646	11,077	13,132	6.7	7.9
317	Hotel clerks	171	86,099	2,070	2,791	2.4	3.2
318	Transportation ticket and reservation agents	217	114,782	25,206	29,184	22.0	25.4
319	Receptionists	1,377	747,274	26,830	31,901	3.6	4.3
323	Information clerks, n.e.c.	383	216,011	10,967	12,036	5.1	5.6
325	Classified-ad clerks	9	4,292	0	0	0.0	0.0
326	Correspondence clerks	36	17,831	5,200	5,970	29.2	33.5
327	Order clerks	338	184,081	52,649	60,934	28.6	33.1
328	Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping	126	71,021	5,278	7,806	7.4	11.0
329	Library clerks	279	145,067	14,436	17,854	10.0	12.3
335	File clerks	509	285,882	22,582	31,392	7.9	11.0
336	Records clerks	262	145,252	20,797	25,550	14.3	17.6
337	Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing clerks	3,266	1,740,667	88,976	114,192	5.1	6.6
338	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	306	164,813	29,246	37,357	17.7	22.7
339	Billing clerks	316	179,049	15,054	20,607	8.4	11.5
343	Cost and rate clerks	138	83,816	7,511	9,331	9.0	11.1
344	Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators	64	32,466	1,291	1,428	4.0	4.4
345	Duplicating machine operators	42	25,621	1,128	3,940	4.4	15.4
346	Mail preparing and paper handling machine operators	22	11,739	836	1,675	7.1	14.3
347	Office machine operators, n.e.c.	56	29,697	1,980	1,980	6.7	6.7
348	Telephone operators	417	226,400	88,286	98,041	39.0	43.3
349	Telegraphers	10	4,279	497	497	11.6	11.6
353	Communications equipment operators, n.e.c.	5	2,969	584	584	19.7	19.7
354	Postal clerks, exc. mail carriers	576	311,419	233,093	262,483	74.8	84.3
355	Mail carriers, postal service	584	318,215	262,340	274,159	82.4	86.2
356	Mail clerks, exc. postal service	303	177,711	24,217	28,810	13.6	16.2
357	Messengers	266	155,650	9,649	10,553	6.2	6.8
359	Dispatchers	377	199,074	41,112	48,014	20.7	24.1
363	Production coordinators	344	198,590	26,643	33,558	13.4	16.9
364	Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks	852	471,152	96,565	106,203	20.5	22.5
365	Stock and inventory clerks	994	579,659	112,432	132,944	19.4	22.9
366	Meter readers	95	50,448	26,296	27,640	52.1	54.8
368	Weighers, measurers, and checkers	126	71,189	20,742	21,015	29.1	29.5
369	Samplers	1	534	0	0	0.0	0.0
373	Expediters	180	101,585	25,780	27,150	25.4	26.7
374	Material recording, scheduling, & distributing clerks, n.e.c.	46	25,369	6,686	6,995	26.4	27.6
375	Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators	457	252,801	7,725	10,217	3.1	4.0
376	Investigators and adjusters, except insurance	784	439,551	32,734	40,056	7.4	9.1
377	Eligibility clerks, social welfare	138	65,812	15,709	18,661	23.9	28.4
378	Bill and account collectors	216	118,902	10,033	12,977	8.4	10.9
379	General office clerks	1,323	738,690	92,087	109,286	12.5	14.8
383	Bank tellers	865	462,876	6,347	11,970	1.4	2.6
384	Proofreaders	43	24,606	714	714	2.9	2.9
385	Data-entry keyers	618	358,711	32,183	40,623	9.0	11.3
386	Statistical clerks	156	95,310	12,635	17,130	13.3	18.0
387	Teachers aides	741	397,735	93,069	118,669	23.4	29.8
389	Administrative support occupations, n.e.c.	1,728	944,406	124,460	149,347	13.2	15.8
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD	1,677	900,290	1,140	1,140	0.1	0.1
403	Launderers and ironers	2	843	0	0	0.0	0.0
404	Cooks, private household	23	12,055	0	0	0.0	0.0
405	Housekeepers and butlers	74	43,456	0	0	0.0	0.0
406	Child care workers, private household	750	384,980	501	501	0.1	0.1
407	Private household cleaners and servants	828	458,955	638	638	0.1	0.1
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, PROTECTIVE SERVICE	3,370	1,908,508	725,304	795,016	38.0	41.7
413	Supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occupations	72	37,753	27,110	28,454	71.8	75.4
414	Supervisors, police and detectives	164	88,719	42,129	48,913	47.5	55.1
415	Supervisors, guards	67	34,148	4,179	6,047	12.2	17.7
416	Fire inspection and fire prevention occupations	31	16,551	6,167	6,496	37.3	39.3
417	Firefighting occupations	360	198,724	146,194	150,931	73.6	76.0
418	Police and detectives, public service	781	442,547	264,785	290,139	59.8	65.6
423	Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers	186	105,084	40,166	45,124	38.2	42.9
424	Correctional institution officers	287	171,062	90,261	96,360	52.8	56.3
425	Crossing guards	93	50,019	5,537	7,415	11.1	14.8
426	Guards and police, exc. public service	1,184	686,327	92,756	109,117	13.5	15.9
427	Protective service occupations, n.e.c.	145	77,575	6,020	6,020	7.8	7.8
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXC. PROTECTIVE & HOUSEHOLD	20,619	11,066,845	1,226,460	1,390,460	11.1	12.6
433	Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations	552	288,998	14,847	17,673	5.1	6.1
434	Bartenders	597	311,706	13,437	14,290	4.3	4.6
435	Waiters and waitresses	2,590	1,372,332	44,174	54,468	3.2	4.0
436	Cooks, except short order	2,916	1,568,927	98,973	117,815	6.3	7.5
437	Short-order cooks	164	86,160	732	1,113	0.8	1.3
438	Food counter, fountain and related occupations	664	345,720	4,378	4,378	1.3	1.3
439	Kitchen workers, food preparation	235	128,340	9,558	10,811	7.4	8.4
443	Waiters'/waitresses' assistants	620	345,363	23,157	27,626	6.7	8.0
444	Miscellaneous food preparation occupations	1,229	664,093	72,602	91,417	10.9	13.8
445	Dental assistants	304	166,932	1,351	3,486	0.8	2.1
446	Health aides, except nursing	673	370,069	43,194	48,024	11.7	13.0
447	Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants	2,437	1,296,792	206,741	231,809	15.9	17.9
448	Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers	286	156,178	25,888	29,044	16.6	18.6
449	Maids and housemen	1,070	546,879	77,688	83,547	14.2	15.3
453	Janitors and cleaners	3,598	1,996,625	447,044	495,297	22.4	24.8
454	Elevator operators	16	7,701	4,236	4,236	55.0	55.0
455	Pest control occupations	71	45,034	1,286	1,286	2.9	2.9
456	Supervisors, personal service occupations	68	35,080	3,660	4,502	10.4	12.8
457	Barbers	42	26,051	2,232	2,232	8.6	8.6
458	Hairdressers and cosmetologists	761	422,274	5,789	7,278	1.4	1.7
459	Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities	280	117,525	4,332	5,668	3.7	4.8
463	Guides	72	33,501	2,773	3,801	8.3	11.3
464	Ushers	30	15,847	795	795	5.0	5.0
465	Public transportation attendants	135	75,731	55,170	58,712	72.8	77.5
466	Baggage porters and bellhops	67	37,531	13,564	14,699	36.1	39.2
467	Welfare service aides	197	106,999	12,177	13,363	11.4	12.5
468	Child care workers, except private household	699	368,724	25,165	30,478	6.8	8.3
469	Personal service occupations, n.e.c.	246	129,736	11,518	12,610	8.9	9.7
	FARMING, FORESTRY, AND FISHING OCCUPATIONS	3,096	1,762,512	95,957	112,969	5.4	6.4
473	Farmers, except horticultural	14	6,515	0	0	0.0	0.0
474	Horticultural specialty farmers	0
475	Managers, farms, except horticultural	125	62,308	314	314	0.5	0.5
476	Managers, horticultural specialty farms	9	5,248	0	0	0.0	0.0
477	Supervisors, farm workers	55	28,018	4,047	4,863	14.4	17.4
479	Farm workers	1,364	764,368	10,256	12,101	1.3	1.6
483	Marine life cultivation workers	2	384	384	384	100.0	100.0
484	Nursery workers	57	34,250	1,319	1,816	3.8	5.3
485	Supervisors, related agricultural occupations	115	61,140	9,928	12,216	16.2	20.0
486	Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm	1,044	625,639	57,617	65,779	9.2	10.5
487	Animal caretakers, except farm	119	68,032	5,022	5,289	7.4	7.8
488	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	23	15,849	1,027	1,027	6.5	6.5
489	Inspectors, agricultural products	2	1,715	978	978	57.0	57.0
494	Supervisors, forestry and logging workers	14	7,831	903	2,025	11.5	25.9
495	Forestry workers, except logging	33	16,836	1,111	1,111	6.6	6.6
496	Timber cutting and logging occupations	82	44,502	2,683	4,698	6.0	10.6
497	Captains and other officers, fishing vessels	8	4,878	0	0	0.0	0.0
498	Fishers	28	14,294	369	369	2.6	2.6
499	Hunters and trappers	2	705	0	0	0.0	0.0
	PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, & REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	13,880	7,747,483	2,023,961	2,195,991	26.1	28.3
503	Supervisors, mechanics and repairers	491	259,942	29,473	35,768	11.3	13.8
505	Automobile mechanics	1,172	671,936	65,858	73,828	9.8	11.0
506	Automobile mechanic apprentices	1	570	0	0	0.0	0.0
507	Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics	550	297,362	98,736	105,490	33.2	35.5
508	Aircraft engine mechanics	199	116,985	58,338	68,889	49.9	58.9
509	Small engine repairers	94	48,345	2,933	2,933	6.1	6.1
514	Automobile body and related repairers	234	128,303	10,919	12,448	8.5	9.7
515	Aircraft mechanics, exc. engine	24	12,886	8,558	9,141	66.4	70.9
516	Heavy equipment mechanics	301	149,751	65,557	68,611	43.8	45.8
517	Farm equipment mechanics	47	26,023	3,004	3,004	11.5	11.5
518	Industry machinery repairers	947	538,044	205,553	216,311	38.2	40.2
519	Machinery maintenance occupations	57	33,397	19,046	19,594	57.0	58.7
523	Electronic repairers, communications & industrial equipment	260	144,460	30,508	38,191	21.1	26.4
525	Data processing equipment repairers	232	138,582	10,629	13,248	7.7	9.6
526	Household appliance and power tool repairers	55	29,094	4,786	6,041	16.5	20.8
527	Telephone line installers and repairers	110	60,487	40,714	42,233	67.3	69.8
529	Telephone Installers and repairers	373	207,155	134,940	140,452	65.1	67.8
533	Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers	103	57,638	26,570	27,926	46.1	48.5
534	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics	412	237,485	51,423	56,024	21.7	23.6
535	Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers	35	18,973	1,469	1,469	7.7	7.7
536	Locksmiths and safe repairers	18	11,860	170	803	1.4	6.8
538	Office machine repairers	115	61,797	4,949	5,660	8.0	9.2
539	Mechanical controls and valve repairers	34	19,652	7,951	9,036	40.5	46.0
543	Elevator installers and repairers	43	24,411	18,207	19,176	74.6	78.6
544	Millwrights	164	92,085	63,892	64,526	69.4	70.1
547	Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c.	720	403,797	103,046	110,700	25.5	27.4
549	Not specified mechanics and repairers	297	169,379	48,467	54,528	28.6	32.2
613	Supervisors, extractive occupations	90	42,207	2,065	2,847	4.9	6.7
614	Drillers, oil well	64	38,518	312	312	0.8	0.8
615	Explosives workers	17	7,694	2,266	2,266	29.5	29.5
616	Mining machine operators	79	36,240	15,367	16,220	42.4	44.8
617	Mining occupations, n.e.c.	78	36,447	12,708	13,411	34.9	36.8
633	Supervisors, production occupations	2,323	1,298,996	152,150	176,770	11.7	13.6
634	Tool and die makers	245	136,176	58,207	61,897	42.7	45.5
635	Tool and die maker apprentices	8	4,496	486	486	10.8	10.8
636	Precision assemblers, metal	16	8,059	2,817	2,817	35.0	35.0
637	Machinists	819	463,445	170,373	180,722	36.8	39.0
639	Machinist apprentices	2	661	0	0	0.0	0.0
643	Boilermakers	29	13,657	6,545	6,762	47.9	49.5
644	Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners	39	22,006	8,282	8,730	37.6	39.7
645	Patternmakers and model makers, metal	7	4,345	2,268	2,268	52.2	52.2
646	Lay-out workers	23	13,119	5,177	5,989	39.5	45.6
647	Precious stones and metals workers (jewelers)	53	26,815	511	511	1.9	1.9
649	Engravers, metal	35	19,618	3,699	3,699	18.9	18.9
653	Sheet metal workers	200	114,714	48,403	52,556	42.2	45.8
654	Sheet metal worker apprentices	1	450	0	0	0.0	0.0
655	Miscellaneous precision metal workers	2	1,152	0	0	0.0	0.0
656	Patternmakers and model makers, wood	7	3,700	2,861	2,861	77.3	77.3
657	Cabinet makers and bench carpenters	50	30,504	7,810	10,024	25.6	32.9
658	Furniture and wood finishers	59	30,575	1,537	1,537	5.0	5.0
659	Miscellaneous precision woodworkers	0
666	Dressmakers	110	62,076	2,789	3,108	4.5	5.0
667	Tailors	84	52,444	11,733	11,733	22.4	22.4
668	Upholsterers	101	54,498	6,169	6,536	11.3	12.0
669	Shoe repairers	21	11,779	3,747	3,747	31.8	31.8
673	Apparel and fabric patternmakers	3	1,442	0	0	0.0	0.0
674	Miscellaneous precision apparel and fabric workers	12	7,210	3,008	3,008	41.7	41.7
675	Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers	25	16,941	4,947	4,947	29.2	29.2
676	Patternmakers, lay-out workers, and cutters	40	22,769	6,945	6,945	30.5	30.5
677	Optical goods workers	75	36,752	2,539	2,539	6.9	6.9
678	Dental laboratory and medical appliance technicians	76	47,122	2,451	2,451	5.2	5.2
679	Bookbinders	44	25,088	8,158	8,407	32.5	33.5
683	Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers	522	302,318	81,845	88,875	27.1	29.4
684	Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c.	50	27,935	5,126	5,287	18.3	18.9
686	Butchers and meat cutters	473	260,389	80,916	85,678	31.1	32.9
687	Bakers	187	102,312	29,345	29,590	28.7	28.9
688	Food batchmakers	64	37,690	5,814	5,814	15.4	15.4
689	Inspectors, testers, and graders	180	98,380	34,361	42,863	34.9	43.6
693	Adjusters and calibrators	24	13,266	3,616	3,989	27.3	30.1
694	Water and sewage treatment plant operators	99	60,636	27,392	30,580	45.2	50.4
695	Power plant operators	78	45,325	26,185	28,235	57.8	62.3
696	Stationary engineers	203	111,114	42,112	46,377	37.9	41.7
699	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	75	36,006	15,222	16,567	42.3	46.0
	CONSTRUCTION TRADES	6,761	3,819,371	1,107,720	1,168,290	29.0	30.6
553	Supervisors; brickmasons, stonemasons, and tile setters	8	3,594	1,267	1,267	35.2	35.2
554	Supervisors; carpenters and related workers	44	23,205	7,586	7,586	32.7	32.7
555	Supervisors; electricians and power transmission installers	51	28,546	12,017	12,427	42.1	43.5
556	Supervisors; painters, paperhangers, and plasterers	11	6,727	188	188	2.8	2.8
557	Supervisors; plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	19	10,845	2,367	2,823	21.8	26.0
558	Supervisors; n.e.c.	701	391,491	96,544	101,022	24.7	25.8
563	Brickmasons and stonemasons	235	130,052	47,211	49,510	36.3	38.1
564	Brickmason and stonemason apprentices	7	3,206	1,125	1,125	35.1	35.1
565	Tile setters, hard and soft	49	29,787	7,465	7,992	25.1	26.8
566	Carpet installers	102	58,405	7,537	7,537	12.9	12.9
567	Carpenters	1,733	949,418	182,475	197,148	19.2	20.8
569	Carpenter apprentices	25	15,837	3,261	3,447	20.6	21.8
573	Drywall installers	187	111,130	23,980	24,286	21.6	21.9
575	Electricians	1,005	565,368	245,530	256,241	43.4	45.3
576	Electrician apprentices	60	28,854	10,349	10,686	35.9	37.0
577	Electrical power installers and repairers	201	106,153	70,423	72,097	66.3	67.9
579	Painters, construction and maintenance	598	354,891	45,086	54,458	12.7	15.3
583	Paperhangers	26	13,248	2,896	2,896	21.9	21.9
584	Plasterers	53	31,486	9,134	10,132	29.0	32.2
585	Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	683	394,063	177,029	182,774	44.9	46.4
587	Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices	26	13,122	4,404	4,404	33.6	33.6
588	Concrete and terrazzo finishers	114	70,126	18,701	18,701	26.7	26.7
589	Glaziers	66	34,945	13,107	13,719	37.5	39.3
593	Insulation workers	88	51,937	15,534	15,534	29.9	29.9
594	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	15	9,083	393	393	4.3	4.3
595	Roofers	213	132,278	19,720	22,420	14.9	16.9
596	Sheetmetal duct installers	60	35,735	14,046	15,674	39.3	43.9
597	Structural metal workers	100	58,983	28,390	29,029	48.1	49.2
598	Drillers, earth	24	12,626	2,451	2,451	19.4	19.4
599	Construction trades, n.e.c.	257	144,229	37,505	40,325	26.0	28.0
	MACHINE OPERATORS, ASSEMBLERS, AND INSPECTORS	13,912	7,882,426	2,423,217	2,537,768	30.7	32.2
703	Lathe and turning machine set-up operators	39	21,742	12,157	12,503	55.9	57.5
704	Lathe and turning machine operators	110	57,754	23,710	24,893	41.1	43.1
705	Milling and planing machine operators	21	12,104	3,573	3,573	29.5	29.5
706	Punching and stamping press machine operators	255	148,831	70,432	74,007	47.3	49.7
707	Rolling machine operators	21	13,106	5,174	5,174	39.5	39.5
708	Drilling and boring machine operators	48	29,094	16,704	17,348	57.4	59.6
709	Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators	242	138,911	61,185	61,185	44.0	44.0
713	Forging machine operators	25	13,517	7,046	8,616	52.1	63.7
714	Numerical control machine operators	2	1,148	660	660	57.5	57.5
715	Misc. metal, plastic, stone, & glass working machine operators	67	35,870	18,691	18,691	52.1	52.1
717	Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c.	53	34,155	13,403	13,403	39.2	39.2
719	Molding and casting machine operators	174	95,385	28,923	29,895	30.3	31.3
723	Metal plating machine operators	51	31,174	5,873	6,331	18.8	20.3
724	Heat treating equipment operators	34	22,670	13,818	13,818	61.0	61.0
725	Miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators	22	11,892	4,109	4,109	34.5	34.5
726	Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine operators	19	10,681	1,578	2,162	14.8	20.2
727	Sawing machine operators	194	104,146	18,767	20,717	18.0	19.9
728	Shaping and joining machine operators	6	2,712	1,281	1,281	47.2	47.2
729	Nail and tacking machine operators	6	3,554	0	0	0.0	0.0
733	Miscellaneous woodworking machine operators	63	32,041	6,050	6,585	18.9	20.6
734	Printing machine operators	532	304,596	70,210	75,800	23.1	24.9
735	Photoengravers and lithographers	69	41,649	15,047	15,047	36.1	36.1
736	Typesetters and compositors	126	67,962	7,447	9,594	11.0	14.1
737	Miscellaneous printing machine operators	59	37,500	9,373	9,373	25.0	25.0
738	Winding and twisting machine operators	164	81,178	9,648	10,749	11.9	13.2
739	Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators	93	44,261	1,985	2,475	4.5	5.6
743	Textile cutting machine operators	13	7,136	547	1,570	7.7	22.0
744	Textile sewing machine operators	1,326	767,137	149,797	161,868	19.5	21.1
745	Shoe machine operators	82	34,406	8,000	9,147	23.3	26.6
747	Pressing machine operators	227	140,054	31,962	33,149	22.8	23.7
748	Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators	319	167,197	22,198	24,346	13.3	14.6
749	Miscellaneous textile machine operators	144	71,796	10,050	10,473	14.0	14.6
753	Cementing and gluing machine operators	59	29,934	10,365	10,773	34.6	36.0
754	Packaging and filling machine operators	736	421,776	110,069	118,519	26.1	28.1
755	Extruding and forming machine operators	57	31,361	14,689	15,961	46.8	50.9
756	Mixing and blending machine operators	185	103,678	35,622	38,861	34.4	37.5
757	Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators	101	53,211	28,854	29,769	54.2	55.9
758	Compressing and compacting machine operators	32	16,955	6,277	6,277	37.0	37.0
759	Painting and paint spraying machine operators	303	184,131	58,560	60,850	31.8	33.0
763	Roasting and baking machine operators, food	10	5,689	2,789	2,789	49.0	49.0
764	Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators	14	7,782	2,532	2,847	32.5	36.6
765	Folding machine operators	37	21,090	3,755	3,755	17.8	17.8
766	Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, exc. food	166	91,569	53,036	54,325	57.9	59.3
768	Crushing and grinding machine operators	99	48,827	22,620	22,993	46.3	47.1
769	Slicing and cutting machine operators	374	204,643	58,412	60,209	28.5	29.4
773	Motion picture projectionists	12	7,772	2,781	2,781	35.8	35.8
774	Photographic process machine operators	150	83,148	7,214	9,399	8.7	11.3
777	Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c.	1,718	985,534	383,634	390,617	38.9	39.6
779	Machine operators, not specified	566	326,277	113,105	119,092	34.7	36.5
783	Welders and cutters	920	531,420	186,637	196,076	35.1	36.9
784	Solderers and brazers	64	39,210	7,859	8,367	20.0	21.3
785	Assemblers	1,880	1,078,936	378,713	390,844	35.1	36.2
786	Hand cutting and trimming occupations	28	19,297	4,100	4,100	21.2	21.2
787	Hand molding, casting, and forming occupations	26	17,418	4,821	4,821	27.7	27.7
789	Hand painting, coating, and decorating occupations	59	30,889	7,605	7,605	24.6	24.6
793	Hand engraving and printing occupations	30	17,316	4,115	4,562	23.8	26.3
794	Hand grinding and polishing occupations	9	5,749	2,249	2,249	39.1	39.1
795	Miscellaneous hand working occupations	90	47,292	6,544	6,544	13.8	13.8
796	Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners	1,263	710,643	223,069	238,903	31.4	33.6
797	Production testers	119	66,759	16,379	16,959	24.5	25.4
798	Production samplers and weighers	23	11,692	4,554	4,554	39.0	39.0
799	Graders and sorters, exc. agricultural	176	97,069	12,862	13,828	13.3	14.2
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	7,813	4,350,726	1,349,436	1,429,641	31.0	32.9
803	Supervisors, motor vehicle operators	109	60,423	11,325	13,051	18.7	21.6
804	Truck drivers, heavy	2,892	1,598,361	438,383	459,988	27.4	28.8
805	Truck drivers, light	1,182	695,122	132,726	139,643	19.1	20.1
806	Driver-sales workers	367	205,399	68,372	71,114	33.3	34.6
808	Bus drivers	773	417,547	143,892	171,046	34.5	41.0
809	Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs	268	150,390	22,551	24,429	15.0	16.2
813	Parking lot attendants	64	33,250	3,190	4,156	9.6	12.5
814	Motor transportation occupations, n.e.c.	10	7,710	1,015	1,015	13.2	13.2
823	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	87	44,062	38,753	38,753	88.0	88.0
824	Locomotive operating occupations	105	51,849	48,695	48,695	93.9	93.9
825	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	79	36,450	33,250	33,250	91.2	91.2
826	Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c.	12	6,266	6,266	6,266	100.0	100.0
828	Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats	49	30,431	7,065	7,065	23.2	23.2
829	Sailors and deckhands	27	17,273	5,544	5,544	32.1	32.1
833	Marine engineers	6	3,050	1,358	1,726	44.5	56.6
834	Bridge, lock, and lighthouse tenders	15	7,303	3,982	3,982	54.5	54.5
843	Supervisors, material moving equipment operators	33	14,711	2,893	2,893	19.7	19.7
844	Operating engineers	355	184,788	72,900	77,015	39.5	41.7
845	Longshore equipment operators	3	1,591	1,238	1,238	77.8	77.8
848	Hoist and winch operators	37	21,112	433	433	2.1	2.1
849	Crane and tower operators	146	85,332	49,044	50,012	57.5	58.6
853	Excavating and loading machine operators	167	92,632	21,987	23,851	23.7	25.7
855	Grader, dozer, and scraper operators	162	84,317	21,236	21,645	25.2	25.7
856	Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators	704	415,712	181,744	189,247	43.7	45.5
859	Miscellaneous material moving equipment operators	161	85,643	31,594	33,586	36.9	39.2
	HANDLERS, EQUIPMENT CLEANERS, HELPERS, & LABORERS	8,202	4,686,363	1,182,956	1,266,285	25.2	27.0
863	Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, & laborers, n.e.c.	27	15,099	3,089	3,089	20.5	20.5
864	Helpers, mechanics and repairers	52	27,828	2,662	3,594	9.6	12.9
865	Helpers, construction trades	281	164,731	19,875	22,527	12.1	13.7
866	Helpers, surveyor	20	12,023	0	275	0.0	2.3
867	Helpers, extractive occupations	6	3,261	2,594	2,594	79.5	79.5
869	Construction laborers	1,274	743,720	184,782	195,278	24.8	26.3
873	Production helpers	127	74,460	19,269	22,311	25.9	30.0
875	Garbage collectors	107	66,055	15,366	18,898	23.3	28.6
876	Stevedores	24	13,271	9,816	11,669	74.0	87.9
877	Stock handlers and baggers	1,570	876,319	205,200	216,923	23.4	24.8
878	Machine feeders and offbearers	167	91,574	27,612	30,482	30.2	33.3
883	Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c.	1,108	637,588	227,100	246,202	35.6	38.6
885	Garage and service station related occupations	485	261,077	10,824	10,824	4.1	4.1
887	Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners	326	186,075	37,974	40,450	20.4	21.7
888	Hand packers and packagers	545	305,311	70,582	75,080	23.1	24.6
889	Laborers, except construction	2,083	1,207,970	346,209	366,090	28.7	30.3
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 1987. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: COC=1980 Census occupation code
used in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are
union members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers
who are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2002 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.