Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 2004 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation (Standard Occupational Classification)	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	22,848	15,758,189	731,889	895,022	4.6	5.7
10	Chief executives	1,610	1,091,457	13,869	23,556	1.3	2.2
20	General and operations managers	1,108	751,229	18,262	25,804	2.4	3.4
40	Advertising and promotions managers	80	59,122	429	429	0.7	0.7
50	Marketing and sales managers	1,135	797,796	14,163	18,298	1.8	2.3
60	Public relations managers	67	45,654	1,341	1,341	2.9	2.9
100	Administrative services managers	113	84,794	6,287	6,903	7.4	8.1
110	Computer and information systems managers	467	332,673	4,970	8,323	1.5	2.5
120	Financial managers	1,435	1,003,044	20,318	27,340	2.0	2.7
130	Human resources managers	415	267,227	14,914	16,354	5.6	6.1
140	Industrial production managers	389	273,295	4,367	5,427	1.6	2.0
150	Purchasing managers	235	164,556	7,432	8,416	4.5	5.1
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	321	230,097	7,398	8,305	3.2	3.6
200	Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers	169	109,695	395	395	0.4	0.4
220	Construction managers	622	435,411	32,127	35,705	7.4	8.2
230	Education administrators	1,115	719,874	104,867	132,545	14.6	18.4
300	Engineering managers	140	99,636	2,646	3,340	2.7	3.4
310	Food service managers	845	616,077	15,227	21,613	2.5	3.5
320	Funeral directors	52	34,097	1,992	1,992	5.8	5.8
330	Gaming managers	32	16,028	0	0	0.0	0.0
340	Lodging managers	193	111,053	3,118	3,118	2.8	2.8
350	Medical and health services managers	724	481,313	16,081	18,654	3.3	3.9
360	Natural sciences managers	10	6,499	560	560	8.6	8.6
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	505	357,189	13,142	15,571	3.7	4.4
420	Social and community service managers	450	273,246	9,468	13,229	3.5	4.8
430	Managers, all other	3,573	2,434,811	127,926	155,518	5.3	6.4
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	37	28,093	0	0	0.0	0.0
510	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	10	5,575	0	0	0.0	0.0
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	253	175,497	4,568	5,309	2.6	3.0
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	396	274,285	21,729	24,102	7.9	8.8
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	395	270,033	14,579	18,009	5.4	6.7
560	Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation	186	123,899	27,825	33,542	22.5	27.1
600	Cost estimators	131	94,053	5,711	6,996	6.1	7.4
620	Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists	943	666,365	57,940	71,788	8.7	10.8
700	Logisticians	55	42,083	1,944	2,747	4.6	6.5
710	Management analysts	482	346,595	10,360	12,343	3.0	3.6
720	Meeting and convention planners	39	24,628	412	412	1.7	1.7
730	Other business operations specialists	367	248,655	21,722	25,821	8.7	10.4
800	Accountants and auditors	2,127	1,530,606	64,715	74,356	4.2	4.9
810	Appraisers and assessors of real estate	117	84,675	9,374	9,374	11.1	11.1
820	Budget analysts	71	49,815	4,046	6,028	8.1	12.1
830	Credit analysts	43	26,379	95	95	0.4	0.4
840	Financial analysts	58	45,840	190	190	0.4	0.4
850	Personal financial advisors	342	244,386	3,815	5,635	1.6	2.3
860	Insurance underwriters	136	92,461	1,373	2,276	1.5	2.5
900	Financial examiners	17	13,847	2,280	2,908	16.5	21.0
910	Loan counselors and officers	587	405,595	8,770	8,770	2.2	2.2
930	Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents	110	79,267	25,714	28,159	32.4	35.5
940	Tax prepares	82	53,017	2,525	2,525	4.8	4.8
950	Financial specialists, all other	59	36,663	902	902	2.5	2.5
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	37,591	25,693,095	4,686,288	5,360,659	18.2	20.9
1000	Computer scientists and systems analysts	881	644,670	27,373	41,835	4.2	6.5
1010	Computer programmers	750	543,747	22,629	30,322	4.2	5.6
1020	Computer software engineers	1,028	781,595	22,253	30,504	2.8	3.9
1040	Computer support specialists	461	315,578	15,658	22,617	5.0	7.2
1060	Database administrators	113	83,170	3,114	3,114	3.7	3.7
1100	Network and computer systems administrators	258	187,441	12,981	15,164	6.9	8.1
1110	Network systems and data communications analysts	363	264,363	11,683	13,348	4.4	5.0
1200	Actuaries	30	21,375	0	0	0.0	0.0
1210	Mathematicians	5	2,279	0	0	0.0	0.0
1220	Operations research analysts	133	88,341	11,048	12,576	12.5	14.2
1230	Statisticians	41	29,266	1,259	1,259	4.3	4.3
1240	Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations	2	612	0	0	0.0	0.0
1300	Architects, except naval	223	150,088	5,432	7,404	3.6	4.9
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	48	29,590	3,927	5,667	13.3	19.2
1320	Aerospace engineers	148	112,134	8,128	10,472	7.2	9.3
1330	Agricultural engineers	7	3,662	0	0	0.0	0.0
1340	Biomedical engineers	11	7,957	0	0	0.0	0.0
1350	Chemical engineers	92	67,564	1,959	2,141	2.9	3.2
1360	Civil engineers	404	273,811	27,683	33,521	10.1	12.2
1400	Computer hardware engineers	109	88,797	3,677	5,448	4.1	6.1
1410	Electrical and electronic engineers	447	320,124	21,117	25,038	6.6	7.8
1420	Environmental engineers	64	39,062	2,534	2,965	6.5	7.6
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	236	180,193	5,594	6,873	3.1	3.8
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	17	10,843	2,312	2,312	21.3	21.3
1450	Materials engineers	57	37,392	1,793	1,793	4.8	4.8
1460	Mechanical engineers	412	295,634	15,255	20,493	5.2	6.9
1500	Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers	10	3,087	0	0	0.0	0.0
1510	Nuclear engineers	17	13,290	1,031	2,302	7.8	17.3
1520	Petroleum engineers	26	17,070	0	0	0.0	0.0
1530	Engineers, all other	372	271,194	24,389	26,841	9.0	9.9
1540	Drafters	255	186,102	8,652	9,760	4.6	5.2
1550	Engineering technicians, except drafters	564	417,593	71,234	77,636	17.1	18.6
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	97	71,486	4,064	5,300	5.7	7.4
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	58	28,567	1,259	1,259	4.4	4.4
1610	Biological scientists	204	122,884	10,648	12,750	8.7	10.4
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	49	19,669	770	1,137	3.9	5.8
1650	Medical scientists	117	87,267	6,491	7,148	7.4	8.2
1700	Astronomers and physicists	30	20,618	625	1,697	3.0	8.2
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	24	11,370	2,283	2,283	20.1	20.1
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	189	141,033	5,009	6,209	3.6	4.4
1740	Environmental scientists and geoscientists	109	80,297	5,753	8,558	7.2	10.7
1760	Physical scientists, all other	143	100,651	5,081	7,920	5.0	7.9
1800	Economists	49	21,114	858	1,250	4.1	5.9
1810	Market and survey researchers	139	97,795	1,147	1,147	1.2	1.2
1820	Psychologists	155	101,971	24,891	30,033	24.4	29.5
1830	Sociologists	10	9,517	1,577	2,351	16.6	24.7
1840	Urban and regional planners	39	25,689	5,625	6,550	21.9	25.5
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	64	40,801	96	1,366	0.2	3.3
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	41	23,526	0	1,002	0.0	4.3
1910	Biological technicians	25	18,315	2,433	3,153	13.3	17.2
1920	Chemical technicians	124	91,832	15,049	15,049	16.4	16.4
1930	Geological and petroleum technicians	17	13,786	5,960	5,960	43.2	43.2
1940	Nuclear technicians	7	5,239	0	0	0.0	0.0
1960	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	227	142,087	10,730	12,583	7.6	8.9
2000	Counselors	895	606,030	126,812	149,803	20.9	24.7
2010	Social workers	1,016	680,833	169,022	186,581	24.8	27.4
2020	Miscellaneous community and social service specialists	441	291,276	67,017	72,708	23.0	25.0
2040	Clergy	587	399,697	5,011	9,055	1.3	2.3
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	84	57,980	0	948	0.0	1.6
2060	Religious workers, all other	134	95,821	2,103	2,500	2.2	2.6
2100	Lawyers, Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers	1,066	719,198	53,092	64,955	7.4	9.0
2140	Paralegals and legal assistants	459	318,674	10,619	12,002	3.3	3.8
2150	Miscellaneous legal support workers	268	177,984	11,472	14,954	6.4	8.4
2200	Postsecondary teachers	1,720	1,156,678	203,234	248,675	17.6	21.5
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	902	639,490	108,698	122,865	17.0	19.2
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	3,855	2,562,852	1,318,679	1,476,733	51.5	57.6
2320	Secondary school teachers	1,705	1,112,980	602,480	655,355	54.1	58.9
2330	Special education teachers	568	359,798	223,144	243,635	62.0	67.7
2340	Other teachers and instructors	751	509,547	46,760	55,786	9.2	10.9
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	58	33,242	2,139	2,139	6.4	6.4
2430	Librarians	340	212,707	55,720	65,194	26.2	30.6
2440	Library technicians	58	35,296	5,989	5,989	17.0	17.0
2540	Teacher assistants	1,432	937,326	281,147	328,706	30.0	35.1
2550	Other education, training, and library workers	122	76,137	26,228	29,801	34.4	39.1
2600	Artists and related workers	130	91,743	7,028	7,319	7.7	8.0
2630	Designers	838	575,649	21,362	23,374	3.7	4.1
2700	Actors	25	22,090	10,207	10,207	46.2	46.2
2710	Producers and directors	143	107,318	12,843	13,805	12.0	12.9
2720	Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers	265	186,172	13,535	14,699	7.3	7.9
2740	Dancers and choreographers	20	17,027	842	842	4.9	4.9
2750	Musicians, singers, and related workers	123	94,310	11,181	11,425	11.9	12.1
2760	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	17	17,164	2,746	3,624	16.0	21.1
2800	Announcers	67	46,562	1,616	2,720	3.5	5.8
2810	News analysts, reporters and correspondents	123	75,867	9,376	10,850	12.4	14.3
2820	Public relations specialists	188	120,484	10,152	10,786	8.4	9.0
2830	Editors	203	138,383	11,560	16,644	8.4	12.0
2840	Technical writers	72	47,993	894	894	1.9	1.9
2850	Writers and authors	151	101,078	7,584	9,669	7.5	9.6
2860	Miscellaneous media and communication workers	85	60,103	13,702	14,167	22.8	23.6
2900	Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators	118	90,835	21,326	25,812	23.5	28.4
2910	Photographers	108	78,535	1,759	1,759	2.2	2.2
2920	Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors	33	22,641	4,373	5,358	19.3	23.7
2960	Media and communication equipment workers, all other	0	0	0	0	–	–
3000	Chiropractors	18	13,968	1,616	1,616	11.6	11.6
3010	Dentists	55	42,786	2,166	2,166	5.1	5.1
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	116	75,435	7,817	7,817	10.4	10.4
3040	Optometrists	23	14,377	1,129	1,129	7.9	7.9
3050	Pharmacists	303	209,908	17,452	19,612	8.3	9.3
3060	Physicians and surgeons	850	600,615	33,006	59,571	5.5	9.9
3110	Physician assistants	111	69,944	6,814	7,612	9.7	10.9
3120	Podiatrists	4	3,461	0	0	0.0	0.0
3130	Registered nurses	3,605	2,432,286	406,795	455,831	16.7	18.7
3140	Audiologists	19	14,753	1,311	1,311	8.9	8.9
3150	Occupational therapists	125	78,860	12,662	14,833	16.1	18.8
3160	Physical therapists	244	160,880	13,656	17,859	8.5	11.1
3200	Radiation therapists	19	13,009	2,335	2,335	17.9	17.9
3210	Recreational therapists	21	15,043	2,537	3,712	16.9	24.7
3220	Respiratory therapists	141	101,608	9,870	10,602	9.7	10.4
3230	Speech-language pathologists	148	86,216	29,975	36,281	34.8	42.1
3240	Therapists, all other	114	69,243	3,506	3,506	5.1	5.1
3250	Veterinarians	49	32,169	0	2,061	0.0	6.4
3260	Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other	5	5,960	0	0	0.0	0.0
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	449	317,580	26,122	31,118	8.2	9.8
3310	Dental hygienists	188	126,363	6,727	7,580	5.3	6.0
3320	Diagnostic related technologists and technicians	424	284,405	27,738	31,729	9.8	11.2
3400	Emergency medical technicians and paramedics	195	139,448	35,584	38,339	25.5	27.5
3410	Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians	566	373,308	28,004	32,924	7.5	8.8
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	726	495,209	53,534	58,944	10.8	11.9
3510	Medical records and health information technicians	136	94,067	11,977	13,492	12.7	14.3
3520	Opticians, dispensing	68	43,777	593	593	1.4	1.4
3530	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	126	90,041	7,524	8,317	8.4	9.2
3540	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	72	47,743	11,320	11,320	23.7	23.7
3600	Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides	2,605	1,749,636	224,891	239,343	12.9	13.7
3610	Occupational therapist assistants and aides	17	11,548	771	1,319	6.7	11.4
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	85	56,250	4,119	6,236	7.3	11.1
3630	Massage therapists	67	46,000	1,118	1,118	2.4	2.4
3640	Dental assistants	346	235,507	7,049	8,162	3.0	3.5
3650	Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations	998	692,017	52,279	59,061	7.6	8.5
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	29,748	20,723,558	2,370,804	2,552,259	11.4	12.3
3700	First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers	49	33,953	10,308	11,131	30.4	32.8
3710	First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives	177	138,206	66,419	70,082	48.1	50.7
3720	First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers	65	45,056	26,546	26,692	58.9	59.2
3730	Supervisors, protective service workers, all other	121	89,657	6,983	10,563	7.8	11.8
3740	Fire fighters	382	280,300	194,893	197,866	69.5	70.6
3750	Fire inspectors	36	24,002	8,249	8,249	34.4	34.4
3800	Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers	497	379,013	177,353	185,236	46.8	48.9
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	159	118,200	49,118	51,609	41.6	43.7
3830	Fish and game wardens	10	6,217	2,396	2,396	38.5	38.5
3840	Parking enforcement workers	7	5,282	1,655	1,655	31.3	31.3
3850	Police and sheriff's patrol officers	901	661,800	392,453	417,961	59.3	63.2
3860	Transit and railroad police	5	4,250	2,169	2,169	51.0	51.0
3900	Animal control workers	12	9,338	774	774	8.3	8.3
3910	Private detectives and investigators	100	70,322	7,866	9,146	11.2	13.0
3920	Security guards and gaming surveillance officers	1,096	796,661	96,044	106,051	12.1	13.3
3940	Crossing guards	75	46,563	5,195	5,347	11.2	11.5
3950	Lifeguards and other protective service workers	198	131,344	10,175	10,736	7.7	8.2
4000	Chefs and head cooks	410	289,705	21,994	26,850	7.6	9.3
4010	First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers	865	610,044	29,409	31,378	4.8	5.1
4020	Cooks	2,511	1,748,446	68,876	79,370	3.9	4.5
4030	Food preparation workers	925	610,719	36,096	39,205	5.9	6.4
4040	Bartenders	558	361,333	11,553	11,970	3.2	3.3
4050	Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food	415	276,596	31,674	32,589	11.5	11.8
4060	Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop	492	340,208	5,416	7,693	1.6	2.3
4110	Waiters and waitresses	2,643	1,864,417	25,135	31,620	1.3	1.7
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	224	165,337	18,299	22,528	11.1	13.6
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	528	378,977	29,241	32,947	7.7	8.7
4140	Dishwashers	438	278,272	11,121	13,822	4.0	5.0
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	326	238,107	4,521	5,630	1.9	2.4
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	2	1,979	928	928	46.9	46.9
4200	First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers	216	148,649	21,770	23,458	14.6	15.8
4210	First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	150	108,791	4,788	4,788	4.4	4.4
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	2,923	1,988,236	318,117	344,164	16.0	17.3
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,858	1,267,131	80,081	86,995	6.3	6.9
4240	Pest control workers	78	69,827	2,960	2,960	4.2	4.2
4250	Grounds maintenance workers	1,351	1,014,388	62,432	66,564	6.2	6.6
4300	First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers	159	101,316	5,326	5,949	5.3	5.9
4320	First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers	102	71,637	1,836	2,757	2.6	3.8
4340	Animal trainers	31	23,499	1,121	1,121	4.8	4.8
4350	Nonfarm animal caretakers	135	85,001	3,806	3,806	4.5	4.5
4400	Gaming services workers	178	92,538	9,298	11,234	10.0	12.1
4410	Motion picture projectionists	8	4,934	0	0	0.0	0.0
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	60	42,068	979	979	2.3	2.3
4430	Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers	247	164,028	9,106	10,017	5.6	6.1
4460	Funeral service workers	19	12,115	0	0	0.0	0.0
4500	Barbers	54	47,418	943	943	2.0	2.0
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	621	439,450	3,427	3,427	0.8	0.8
4520	Miscellaneous personal appearance workers	191	160,299	3,964	4,391	2.5	2.7
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	101	69,662	25,279	25,410	36.3	36.5
4540	Tour and travel guides	43	23,487	1,237	1,237	5.3	5.3
4550	Transportation attendants	164	123,106	72,628	75,442	59.0	61.3
4600	Child care workers	1,279	882,152	30,696	34,415	3.5	3.9
4610	Personal and home care aides	844	574,662	55,066	57,774	9.6	10.1
4620	Recreation and fitness workers	409	286,314	5,751	6,991	2.0	2.4
4640	Residential advisors	74	50,125	5,610	6,505	11.2	13.0
4650	Personal care and service workers, all other	108	77,465	1,500	1,500	1.9	1.9
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	19,298	13,526,527	488,473	548,441	3.6	4.1
4700	First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers	3,538	2,398,241	121,245	127,877	5.1	5.3
4710	First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers	1,381	967,256	21,350	27,297	2.2	2.8
4720	Cashiers	4,180	2,949,313	206,915	224,381	7.0	7.6
4740	Counter and rental clerks	275	174,748	6,383	8,344	3.7	4.8
4750	Parts salespersons	197	132,378	1,609	1,759	1.2	1.3
4760	Retail salespersons	4,226	2,972,335	47,473	57,502	1.6	1.9
4800	Advertising sales agents	277	195,952	5,121	5,121	2.6	2.6
4810	Insurance sales agents	550	391,425	3,328	5,947	0.9	1.5
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	423	320,901	4,451	4,885	1.4	1.5
4830	Travel agents	120	82,012	0	0	0.0	0.0
4840	Sales representatives, services, all other	604	446,185	25,091	28,866	5.6	6.5
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	1,870	1,328,426	24,560	29,437	1.8	2.2
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	88	60,561	780	780	1.3	1.3
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	718	527,450	9,410	12,906	1.8	2.4
4930	Sales engineers	43	34,612	0	0	0.0	0.0
4940	Telemarketers	258	175,898	896	2,672	0.5	1.5
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	206	134,117	886	1,689	0.7	1.3
4960	Sales and related workers, all other	344	234,718	8,977	8,977	3.8	3.8
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	27,282	18,795,420	2,004,620	2,231,732	10.7	11.9
5000	First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers	2,283	1,557,783	91,157	109,060	5.9	7.0
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service	107	76,622	6,649	7,294	8.7	9.5
5020	Telephone operators	75	51,945	13,311	13,311	25.6	25.6
5030	Communications equipment operators, all other	12	6,760	2,040	2,040	30.2	30.2
5100	Bill and account collectors	307	223,549	15,198	16,977	6.8	7.6
5110	Billing and posting clerks and machine operators	618	420,547	30,892	32,363	7.3	7.7
5120	Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	1,999	1,332,702	58,184	63,717	4.4	4.8
5130	Gaming cage workers	14	9,050	473	473	5.2	5.2
5140	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	214	154,922	11,668	15,401	7.5	9.9
5150	Procurement clerks	24	16,055	3,496	3,496	21.8	21.8
5160	Tellers	632	432,900	10,537	13,902	2.4	3.2
5200	Brokerage clerks	15	11,402	0	702	0.0	6.2
5210	Correspondence clerks	13	6,515	111	1,027	1.7	15.8
5220	Court, municipal, and license clerks	146	95,009	24,617	27,344	25.9	28.8
5230	Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	90	57,770	0	143	0.0	0.2
5240	Customer service representatives	2,411	1,693,952	134,674	158,188	8.0	9.3
5250	Eligibility interviewers, government programs	100	66,087	24,363	26,498	36.9	40.1
5260	File Clerks	549	399,190	25,114	28,093	6.3	7.0
5300	Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	162	100,276	3,622	3,807	3.6	3.8
5310	Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	213	141,987	16,317	19,237	11.5	13.5
5320	Library assistants, clerical	164	115,972	24,694	26,347	21.3	22.7
5330	Loan interviewers and clerks	261	185,904	2,606	2,606	1.4	1.4
5340	New accounts clerks	28	19,042	0	0	0.0	0.0
5350	Order clerks	157	108,889	8,473	8,610	7.8	7.9
5360	Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	93	60,204	7,726	7,726	12.8	12.8
5400	Receptionists and information clerks	1,970	1,353,174	56,760	69,629	4.2	5.1
5410	Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	241	155,313	32,911	38,467	21.2	24.8
5420	Information and record clerks, all other	136	92,695	4,848	6,725	5.2	7.3
5500	Cargo and freight agents	23	15,611	4,011	4,011	25.7	25.7
5510	Couriers and messengers	358	247,725	67,675	70,259	27.3	28.4
5520	Dispatchers	357	251,419	45,014	48,917	17.9	19.5
5530	Meter readers, utilities	71	49,532	18,118	18,118	36.6	36.6
5540	Postal service clerks	253	172,989	120,173	129,615	69.5	74.9
5550	Postal service mail carriers	493	341,014	242,151	254,443	71.0	74.6
5560	Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	161	109,866	77,666	83,121	70.7	75.7
5600	Production, planning, and expediting clerks	414	282,496	35,547	37,461	12.6	13.3
5610	Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks	798	586,780	71,043	76,579	12.1	13.1
5620	Stock clerks and order fillers	1,887	1,345,303	168,455	179,511	12.5	13.3
5630	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	92	61,222	10,582	12,334	17.3	20.1
5700	Secretaries and administrative assistants	4,975	3,315,234	232,039	270,189	7.0	8.1
5800	Computer operators	277	191,515	20,801	23,727	10.9	12.4
5810	Data entry keyers	733	502,328	49,826	54,379	9.9	10.8
5820	Word processors and typists	446	310,586	33,291	40,523	10.7	13.0
5830	Desktop publishers	12	6,670	1,329	1,329	19.9	19.9
5840	Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	390	275,236	11,772	13,150	4.3	4.8
5850	Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	210	165,769	19,563	23,946	11.8	14.4
5860	Office clerks, general	1,346	959,280	104,502	116,847	10.9	12.2
5900	Office machine operators, except computer	98	64,761	2,035	2,756	3.1	4.3
5910	Proofreaders and copy markers	25	17,964	0	0	0.0	0.0
5920	Statistical assistants	43	28,062	3,782	3,782	13.5	13.5
5930	Office and administrative support workers, all other	786	547,844	54,803	63,553	10.0	11.6
	FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS	1,376	862,002	26,994	34,043	3.1	3.9
6000	First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	56	43,494	2,907	2,907	6.7	6.7
6010	Agricultural inspectors	30	14,814	3,803	3,803	25.7	25.7
6020	Animal breeders	1	1,192	0	0	0.0	0.0
6040	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	101	68,161	6,507	10,408	9.5	15.3
6050	Miscellaneous agricultural workers	1,033	635,423	8,566	11,714	1.3	1.8
6100	Fishers and related fishing workers	38	22,421	0	0	0.0	0.0
6110	Hunters and trappers	1	614	0	0	0.0	0.0
6120	Forest and conservation workers	22	12,328	584	584	4.7	4.7
6130	Logging workers	94	63,555	4,626	4,626	7.3	7.3
	CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS	9,375	6,679,759	1,312,063	1,370,291	19.6	20.5
6200	First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers	901	594,227	108,754	111,796	18.3	18.8
6210	Boilermakers	29	21,100	11,055	11,055	52.4	52.4
6220	Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	222	185,939	40,440	40,843	21.7	22.0
6230	Carpenters	1,801	1,259,323	191,431	198,904	15.2	15.8
6240	Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	190	156,556	7,812	7,812	5.0	5.0
6250	Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	126	101,109	12,892	12,892	12.8	12.8
6260	Construction laborers	1,444	1,103,117	129,201	137,365	11.7	12.5
6300	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	34	23,159	7,687	7,687	33.2	33.2
6310	Pile-driver operators	3	3,146	3,146	3,146	100.0	100.0
6320	Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	558	341,578	86,878	93,124	25.4	27.3
6330	Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	210	164,768	22,338	22,800	13.6	13.8
6350	Electricians	1,012	682,798	248,904	257,647	36.5	37.7
6360	Glaziers	49	37,932	3,546	3,546	9.3	9.3
6400	Insulation workers	62	35,688	7,221	7,221	20.2	20.2
6420	Painters, construction and maintenance	590	466,878	48,115	52,417	10.3	11.2
6430	Paperhangers	8	7,624	817	1,535	10.7	20.1
6440	Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	716	505,465	153,161	158,683	30.3	31.4
6460	Plasterers and stucco masons	40	31,015	2,720	2,720	8.8	8.8
6500	Reinforcing iron and rebar workers	9	7,514	1,841	1,841	24.5	24.5
6510	Roofers	260	214,693	27,039	29,084	12.6	13.5
6520	Sheet metal workers	208	137,067	55,416	56,092	40.4	40.9
6530	Structural iron and steel workers	84	56,798	28,234	28,234	49.7	49.7
6600	Helpers, construction trades	141	114,728	7,058	7,058	6.2	6.2
6660	Construction and building inspectors	127	89,807	17,651	22,617	19.7	25.2
6700	Elevator installers and repairers	30	24,403	18,899	18,899	77.4	77.4
6710	Fence erectors	28	21,094	1,517	1,517	7.2	7.2
6720	Hazardous materials removal workers	54	33,698	5,739	5,739	17.0	17.0
6730	Highway maintenance workers	133	84,750	24,895	29,818	29.4	35.2
6740	Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	27	14,710	9,269	9,269	63.0	63.0
6750	Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners	10	7,126	2,449	2,449	34.4	34.4
6760	Miscellaneous construction and related workers	30	26,805	3,837	3,837	14.3	14.3
6800	Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining	48	30,409	1,708	1,796	5.6	5.9
6820	Earth drillers, except oil and gas	43	25,003	2,622	2,622	10.5	10.5
6830	Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	16	5,878	434	434	7.4	7.4
6840	Mining machine operators	81	40,130	12,802	13,256	31.9	33.0
6910	Roof bolters, mining	4	2,544	860	860	33.8	33.8
6920	Roustabouts, oil and gas	2	475	0	0	0.0	0.0
6930	Helpers--extraction workers	3	1,381	0	0	0.0	0.0
6940	Other extraction workers	42	19,322	3,674	3,674	19.0	19.0
	INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	6,540	4,539,703	882,562	938,760	19.4	20.7
7000	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers	491	329,135	47,711	51,925	14.5	15.8
7010	Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	462	331,188	27,691	31,178	8.4	9.4
7020	Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	309	222,482	88,332	90,416	39.7	40.6
7030	Avionics technicians	18	11,327	1,082	1,082	9.6	9.6
7040	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	65	48,053	12,093	12,093	25.2	25.2
7050	Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment	6	4,852	4,852	4,852	100.0	100.0
7100	Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility	29	18,699	7,465	8,166	39.9	43.7
7110	Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles	34	28,879	15,818	15,818	54.8	54.8
7120	Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers	65	54,970	3,847	4,877	7.0	8.9
7130	Security and fire alarm systems installers	69	55,482	5,798	5,798	10.5	10.5
7140	Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	172	118,044	51,041	54,401	43.2	46.1
7150	Automotive body and related repairers	174	115,820	4,623	6,672	4.0	5.8
7160	Automotive glass installers and repairers	23	13,257	0	0	0.0	0.0
7200	Automotive service technicians and mechanics	1,059	778,523	64,456	67,586	8.3	8.7
7210	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	460	306,981	81,511	88,752	26.6	28.9
7220	Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	325	193,742	47,361	50,298	24.4	26.0
7240	Small engine mechanics	65	41,308	2,667	3,248	6.5	7.9
7260	Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	133	89,250	1,113	1,113	1.2	1.2
7300	Control and valve installers and repairers	32	20,750	11,026	11,681	53.1	56.3
7310	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	443	312,292	49,496	53,292	15.8	17.1
7320	Home appliance repairers	49	32,093	1,831	1,831	5.7	5.7
7330	Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics	622	428,734	105,360	111,850	24.6	26.1
7340	Maintenance and repair workers, general	446	297,386	51,457	55,884	17.3	18.8
7350	Maintenance workers, machinery	55	35,153	12,229	13,078	34.8	37.2
7360	Millwrights	82	60,001	32,192	33,957	53.7	56.6
7410	Electrical power-line installers and repairers	177	115,457	55,849	57,072	48.4	49.4
7420	Telecommunications line installers and repairers	191	135,365	48,816	52,264	36.1	38.6
7430	Precision instrument and equipment repairers	63	38,812	7,314	7,314	18.8	18.8
7510	Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	72	47,086	2,464	2,617	5.2	5.6
7520	Commercial divers	2	934	116	116	12.5	12.5
7540	Locksmiths and safe repairers	23	19,756	4,524	4,524	22.9	22.9
7550	Manufactured building and mobile home installers	13	9,875	0	0	0.0	0.0
7560	Riggers	10	6,542	2,322	2,322	35.5	35.5
7600	Signal and track switch repairers	7	4,276	3,191	3,913	74.6	91.5
7610	Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	28	19,678	3,020	3,622	15.3	18.4
7620	Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers	266	193,523	23,894	25,148	12.3	13.0
	PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS	12,760	9,084,547	1,484,892	1,581,723	16.3	17.4
7700	First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers	1,240	886,706	92,741	100,595	10.5	11.3
7710	Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers	8	7,857	1,733	2,800	22.1	35.6
7720	Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	297	222,326	27,044	29,704	12.2	13.4
7730	Engine and other machine assemblers	24	20,445	3,657	4,581	17.9	22.4
7740	Structural metal fabricators and fitters	36	24,103	8,797	8,797	36.5	36.5
7750	Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators	1,453	1,037,448	225,561	233,724	21.7	22.5
7800	Bakers	232	168,278	21,733	26,016	12.9	15.5
7810	Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	435	288,371	63,291	66,575	21.9	23.1
7830	Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	19	11,045	800	1,287	7.2	11.7
7840	Food batchmakers	117	87,280	21,063	22,355	24.1	25.6
7850	Food cooking machine operators and tenders	26	16,891	1,918	1,918	11.4	11.4
7900	Computer control programmers and operators	66	44,834	10,060	10,060	22.4	22.4
7920	Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	20	17,479	3,634	3,634	20.8	20.8
7930	Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	18	13,178	6,869	6,869	52.1	52.1
7940	Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	25	15,590	619	1,001	4.0	6.4
7950	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	184	141,470	35,170	36,623	24.9	25.9
7960	Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	13	7,345	1,713	1,713	23.3	23.3
8000	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and pl	111	80,154	17,644	19,041	22.0	23.8
8010	Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	26	16,918	5,548	5,548	32.8	32.8
8020	Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	7	3,495	0	235	0.0	6.7
8030	Machinists	606	415,384	75,182	81,815	18.1	19.7
8040	Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders	44	31,922	11,233	12,344	35.2	38.7
8060	Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic	22	16,361	3,676	3,676	22.5	22.5
8100	Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	94	71,296	10,055	10,055	14.1	14.1
8120	Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	8	6,413	146	146	2.3	2.3
8130	Tool and die makers	119	84,067	21,028	21,769	25.0	25.9
8140	Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	779	550,872	105,892	111,979	19.2	20.3
8150	Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	8	4,693	241	241	5.1	5.1
8160	Lay-out workers, metal and plastic	14	8,144	2,378	2,378	29.2	29.2
8200	Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	31	20,041	4,185	4,519	20.9	22.5
8210	Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners	17	10,438	2,246	2,246	21.5	21.5
8220	Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other	557	404,381	77,312	81,105	19.1	20.1
8230	Bookbinders and bindery workers	45	26,912	3,498	3,498	13.0	13.0
8240	Job printers	86	55,232	7,565	8,800	13.7	15.9
8250	Prepress technicians and workers	73	49,598	4,733	4,733	9.5	9.5
8260	Printing machine operators	281	182,597	23,892	24,320	13.1	13.3
8300	Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	272	181,515	13,050	14,359	7.2	7.9
8310	Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	100	81,817	1,627	4,002	2.0	4.9
8320	Sewing machine operators	351	278,455	19,665	20,975	7.1	7.5
8330	Shoe and leather workers and repairers	9	4,662	0	0	0.0	0.0
8340	Shoe machine operators and tenders	10	5,899	1,251	1,251	21.2	21.2
8350	Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	80	58,956	7,181	8,345	12.2	14.2
8360	Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders	9	3,669	985	985	26.8	26.8
8400	Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders	19	17,287	0	0	0.0	0.0
8410	Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders	29	23,006	759	759	3.3	3.3
8420	Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders	40	39,210	1,866	1,866	4.8	4.8
8430	Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers	1	1,020	0	0	0.0	0.0
8440	Fabric and apparel patternmakers	4	3,482	0	0	0.0	0.0
8450	Upholsterers	43	33,377	760	760	2.3	2.3
8460	Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other	40	33,731	2,360	2,360	7.0	7.0
8500	Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	93	61,266	5,138	5,279	8.4	8.6
8510	Furniture finishers	36	27,014	1,055	2,563	3.9	9.5
8520	Model makers and patternmakers, wood	0	0	0	0	–	–
8530	Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	61	40,551	1,747	2,086	4.3	5.1
8540	Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	57	39,907	6,589	7,761	16.5	19.4
8550	Woodworkers, all other	25	15,522	0	0	0.0	0.0
8600	Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	57	32,777	15,426	16,645	47.1	50.8
8610	Stationary engineers and boiler operators	161	103,733	38,243	41,995	36.9	40.5
8620	Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators	82	48,566	14,383	14,383	29.6	29.6
8630	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	66	41,469	6,497	6,497	15.7	15.7
8640	Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	92	66,389	24,931	25,295	37.6	38.1
8650	Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	151	110,793	18,812	19,961	17.0	18.0
8710	Cutting workers	114	82,779	9,191	10,055	11.1	12.1
8720	Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	61	41,264	6,976	7,986	16.9	19.4
8730	Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	17	9,013	3,646	3,646	40.5	40.5
8740	Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	958	674,584	88,181	96,789	13.1	14.3
8750	Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	67	44,045	640	640	1.5	1.5
8760	Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians	115	86,580	3,864	4,008	4.5	4.6
8800	Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	442	323,139	49,590	55,131	15.3	17.1
8810	Painting workers	272	186,601	23,785	25,487	12.7	13.7
8830	Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	87	56,654	7,529	7,529	13.3	13.3
8840	Semiconductor processors	8	6,908	1,047	1,047	15.2	15.2
8850	Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders	26	22,542	389	389	1.7	1.7
8860	Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders	18	13,817	2,307	2,307	16.7	16.7
8900	Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders	6	6,610	524	524	7.9	7.9
8910	Etchers and engravers	17	12,778	631	631	4.9	4.9
8920	Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	44	25,976	2,446	3,191	9.4	12.3
8930	Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	65	47,159	17,728	17,728	37.6	37.6
8940	Tire builders	29	21,979	6,824	6,824	31.0	31.0
8950	Helpers--production workers	69	57,823	4,970	4,970	8.6	8.6
8960	Production workers, all other	1,316	960,654	169,438	178,010	17.6	18.5
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	11,040	7,891,078	1,483,019	1,574,377	18.8	20.0
9000	Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers	266	193,332	30,974	33,835	16.0	17.5
9030	Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	174	114,128	64,259	67,697	56.3	59.3
9040	Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	57	38,145	17,321	18,681	45.4	49.0
9110	Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	12	8,033	187	187	2.3	2.3
9120	Bus drivers	851	581,123	198,300	209,373	34.1	36.0
9130	Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	4,044	2,860,748	423,514	444,485	14.8	15.5
9140	Taxi drivers and chauffeurs	295	223,921	22,754	27,376	10.2	12.2
9150	Motor vehicle operators, all other	81	58,148	3,040	3,040	5.2	5.2
9200	Locomotive engineers and operators	78	42,338	32,428	32,428	76.6	76.6
9230	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	19	10,166	6,681	6,681	65.7	65.7
9240	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	84	56,730	50,775	50,857	89.5	89.6
9260	Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers	19	13,995	9,489	9,489	67.8	67.8
9300	Sailors and marine oilers	17	11,216	2,917	4,001	26.0	35.7
9310	Ship and boat captains and operators	36	21,996	7,529	7,529	34.2	34.2
9330	Ship engineers	11	6,763	3,902	3,902	57.7	57.7
9340	Bridge and lock tenders	6	4,585	2,874	2,874	62.7	62.7
9350	Parking lot attendants	99	73,037	12,939	13,269	17.7	18.2
9360	Service station attendants	161	112,062	3,230	3,622	2.9	3.2
9410	Transportation inspectors	57	38,066	12,388	12,869	32.5	33.8
9420	Other transportation workers	16	10,400	3,222	3,434	31.0	33.0
9500	Conveyor operators and tenders	15	14,409	2,467	2,467	17.1	17.1
9510	Crane and tower operators	89	67,574	31,119	34,728	46.1	51.4
9520	Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators	101	59,142	5,412	5,412	9.2	9.2
9560	Hoist and winch operators	6	4,438	350	350	7.9	7.9
9600	Industrial truck and tractor operators	684	539,006	103,859	109,399	19.3	20.3
9610	Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	430	320,714	29,186	31,099	9.1	9.7
9620	Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	2,455	1,774,642	315,040	337,381	17.8	19.0
9630	Machine feeders and offbearers	69	49,429	8,982	9,245	18.2	18.7
9640	Packers and packagers, hand	571	426,705	34,761	42,496	8.1	10.0
9650	Pumping station operators	36	18,859	1,825	1,825	9.7	9.7
9720	Refuse and recyclable material collectors	102	73,159	15,678	17,122	21.4	23.4
9730	Shuttle car operators	9	6,705	5,366	5,366	80.0	80.0
9740	Tank car, truck, and ship loaders	9	5,835	2,338	2,338	40.1	40.1
9750	Material moving workers, all other	81	51,531	17,915	19,520	34.8	37.9
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2004. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: COC=1990 Census occupation code
used in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are
union members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers
who are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2005 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.