Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 2007 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation (Standard Occupational Classification)	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	23,532	17,003,181	848,866	1,019,552	5.0	6.0
10	Chief executives	1,531	1,099,412	23,703	29,706	2.2	2.7
20	General and operations managers	1,315	922,306	25,758	29,291	2.8	3.2
40	Advertising and promotions managers	86	73,694	3,631	3,631	4.9	4.9
50	Marketing and sales managers	1,095	816,943	12,258	12,258	1.5	1.5
60	Public relations managers	91	62,012	552	552	0.9	0.9
100	Administrative services managers	145	103,920	11,081	11,081	10.7	10.7
110	Computer and information systems managers	614	452,759	9,810	11,504	2.2	2.5
120	Financial managers	1,512	1,116,536	21,298	28,974	1.9	2.6
130	Human resources managers	343	246,448	11,106	11,694	4.5	4.7
140	Industrial production managers	339	257,100	7,477	8,014	2.9	3.1
150	Purchasing managers	225	157,638	9,408	10,264	6.0	6.5
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	323	255,976	7,197	10,218	2.8	4.0
200	Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers	162	91,743	1,475	2,310	1.6	2.5
220	Construction managers	767	554,878	51,353	55,350	9.3	10.0
230	Education administrators	1,108	776,333	129,358	157,028	16.7	20.2
300	Engineering managers	154	118,606	5,913	5,913	5.0	5.0
310	Food service managers	947	726,037	12,705	18,157	1.7	2.5
320	Funeral directors	47	34,451	702	702	2.0	2.0
330	Gaming managers	15	6,118	0	0	0.0	0.0
340	Lodging managers	169	112,740	3,872	5,303	3.4	4.7
350	Medical and health services managers	687	472,727	23,527	29,840	5.0	6.3
360	Natural sciences managers	15	10,950	0	0	0.0	0.0
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	525	384,272	7,987	8,886	2.1	2.3
420	Social and community service managers	521	310,529	11,688	16,958	3.8	5.5
430	Managers, all other	3,460	2,491,439	137,715	165,498	5.5	6.6
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	42	30,535	0	0	0.0	0.0
510	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	13	7,136	1,128	1,128	15.8	15.8
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	247	177,528	5,726	7,544	3.2	4.2
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	377	269,356	16,476	20,990	6.1	7.8
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	375	284,433	15,391	15,480	5.4	5.4
560	Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation	194	133,229	17,517	21,451	13.1	16.1
600	Cost estimators	147	110,061	6,772	7,058	6.2	6.4
620	Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists	1,085	785,227	63,580	74,413	8.1	9.5
700	Logisticians	71	53,896	1,090	1,090	2.0	2.0
710	Management analysts	555	379,505	12,808	19,897	3.4	5.2
720	Meeting and convention planners	47	34,069	3,213	3,213	9.4	9.4
730	Other business operations specialists	318	220,514	21,996	26,569	10.0	12.0
800	Accountants and auditors	2,181	1,637,529	84,323	100,837	5.1	6.2
810	Appraisers and assessors of real estate	107	72,524	5,417	5,571	7.5	7.7
820	Budget analysts	83	57,371	7,905	9,706	13.8	16.9
830	Credit analysts	50	31,226	0	94	0.0	0.3
840	Financial analysts	108	77,490	1,166	2,034	1.5	2.6
850	Personal financial advisors	353	275,605	3,567	6,726	1.3	2.4
860	Insurance underwriters	143	94,445	6,000	6,129	6.4	6.5
900	Financial examiners	10	4,417	1,854	1,980	42.0	44.8
910	Loan counselors and officers	589	433,541	8,246	13,470	1.9	3.1
930	Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents	78	61,630	25,024	26,993	40.6	43.8
940	Tax prepares	97	71,561	7,260	9,747	10.1	13.6
950	Financial specialists, all other	66	44,789	2,832	4,301	6.3	9.6
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	38,515	27,543,459	5,004,055	5,636,062	18.2	20.5
1000	Computer scientists and systems analysts	979	738,869	38,587	44,709	5.2	6.1
1010	Computer programmers	663	504,422	25,356	29,779	5.0	5.9
1020	Computer software engineers	1,147	894,382	23,502	31,816	2.6	3.6
1040	Computer support specialists	422	300,063	11,658	15,085	3.9	5.0
1060	Database administrators	137	103,831	5,826	5,826	5.6	5.6
1100	Network and computer systems administrators	280	211,795	17,967	20,730	8.5	9.8
1110	Network systems and data communications analysts	440	346,424	22,886	24,583	6.6	7.1
1200	Actuaries	27	19,201	0	0	0.0	0.0
1210	Mathematicians	4	2,620	0	0	0.0	0.0
1220	Operations research analysts	143	89,286	9,577	11,744	10.7	13.2
1230	Statisticians	51	37,640	2,087	3,228	5.5	8.6
1240	Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations	4	3,436	0	0	0.0	0.0
1300	Architects, except naval	224	167,443	4,017	6,689	2.4	4.0
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	59	39,204	4,152	6,108	10.6	15.6
1320	Aerospace engineers	163	128,884	14,179	15,837	11.0	12.3
1330	Agricultural engineers	4	1,961	0	0	0.0	0.0
1340	Biomedical engineers	18	12,760	0	0	0.0	0.0
1350	Chemical engineers	95	75,631	2,060	3,093	2.7	4.1
1360	Civil engineers	481	344,735	27,572	31,661	8.0	9.2
1400	Computer hardware engineers	81	68,902	0	619	0.0	0.9
1410	Electrical and electronic engineers	427	334,078	17,792	17,970	5.3	5.4
1420	Environmental engineers	52	32,459	4,874	4,874	15.0	15.0
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	237	165,180	12,620	13,014	7.6	7.9
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	18	11,116	136	136	1.2	1.2
1450	Materials engineers	46	35,934	2,014	2,014	5.6	5.6
1460	Mechanical engineers	365	286,945	18,553	20,974	6.5	7.3
1500	Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers	9	3,119	0	0	0.0	0.0
1510	Nuclear engineers	13	11,039	771	1,484	7.0	13.4
1520	Petroleum engineers	27	19,482	1,223	1,857	6.3	9.5
1530	Engineers, all other	442	317,976	20,364	22,597	6.4	7.1
1540	Drafters	252	173,507	6,357	6,357	3.7	3.7
1550	Engineering technicians, except drafters	581	428,411	70,611	75,115	16.5	17.5
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	113	85,551	7,692	9,356	9.0	10.9
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	35	19,090	2,176	2,330	11.4	12.2
1610	Biological scientists	151	90,568	5,910	7,335	6.5	8.1
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	55	30,778	4,082	4,720	13.3	15.3
1650	Medical scientists	200	153,092	5,535	9,343	3.6	6.1
1700	Astronomers and physicists	25	18,298	364	845	2.0	4.6
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	16	7,341	752	1,238	10.2	16.9
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	169	124,303	8,084	11,259	6.5	9.1
1740	Environmental scientists and geoscientists	135	80,112	8,742	9,695	10.9	12.1
1760	Physical scientists, all other	166	122,780	5,246	5,445	4.3	4.4
1800	Economists	58	21,409	585	1,732	2.7	8.1
1810	Market and survey researchers	171	135,999	1,080	1,621	0.8	1.2
1820	Psychologists	177	122,202	40,371	46,168	33.0	37.8
1830	Sociologists	10	8,326	3,075	3,075	36.9	36.9
1840	Urban and regional planners	41	29,972	1,992	3,671	6.6	12.2
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	72	34,423	2,914	2,914	8.5	8.5
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	28	19,977	2,431	2,431	12.2	12.2
1910	Biological technicians	30	21,004	4,358	5,493	20.7	26.2
1920	Chemical technicians	75	58,475	4,165	5,715	7.1	9.8
1930	Geological and petroleum technicians	26	16,175	2,475	2,475	15.3	15.3
1940	Nuclear technicians	5	2,310	783	783	33.9	33.9
1960	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	215	153,369	8,131	9,678	5.3	6.3
2000	Counselors	940	662,114	131,876	151,830	19.9	22.9
2010	Social workers	951	635,641	114,546	130,810	18.0	20.6
2020	Miscellaneous community and social service specialists	444	313,744	72,430	82,789	23.1	26.4
2040	Clergy	607	416,519	5,911	8,487	1.4	2.0
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	75	54,391	0	0	0.0	0.0
2060	Religious workers, all other	144	104,699	790	790	0.8	0.8
2100	Lawyers, Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers	1,071	726,415	42,116	48,195	5.8	6.6
2140	Paralegals and legal assistants	475	334,856	12,841	13,799	3.8	4.1
2150	Miscellaneous legal support workers	321	226,894	16,465	20,670	7.3	9.1
2200	Postsecondary teachers	1,869	1,270,766	255,169	298,744	20.1	23.5
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	859	651,115	124,680	146,758	19.1	22.5
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	4,089	2,958,241	1,454,500	1,612,510	49.2	54.5
2320	Secondary school teachers	1,611	1,143,329	618,517	674,621	54.1	59.0
2330	Special education teachers	541	371,235	217,194	232,259	58.5	62.6
2340	Other teachers and instructors	796	563,763	56,471	66,475	10.0	11.8
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	78	42,262	2,891	2,891	6.8	6.8
2430	Librarians	335	221,354	59,299	66,244	26.8	29.9
2440	Library technicians	83	53,012	7,634	8,365	14.4	15.8
2540	Teacher assistants	1,392	949,872	278,798	315,654	29.4	33.2
2550	Other education, training, and library workers	97	63,355	12,000	14,659	18.9	23.1
2600	Artists and related workers	110	91,801	11,187	12,250	12.2	13.3
2630	Designers	853	631,844	18,813	25,031	3.0	4.0
2700	Actors	22	19,022	9,763	9,763	51.3	51.3
2710	Producers and directors	125	99,562	16,208	19,712	16.3	19.8
2720	Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers	288	206,195	16,084	20,892	7.8	10.1
2740	Dancers and choreographers	28	18,270	3,011	3,393	16.5	18.6
2750	Musicians, singers, and related workers	87	68,802	6,505	8,807	9.5	12.8
2760	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	29	20,737	377	1,634	1.8	7.9
2800	Announcers	59	42,915	7,326	7,326	17.1	17.1
2810	News analysts, reporters and correspondents	115	70,849	9,550	10,912	13.5	15.4
2820	Public relations specialists	200	123,237	4,510	6,201	3.7	5.0
2830	Editors	209	151,849	10,623	14,408	7.0	9.5
2840	Technical writers	76	54,762	1,393	1,393	2.5	2.5
2850	Writers and authors	151	95,476	6,617	6,805	6.9	7.1
2860	Miscellaneous media and communication workers	76	57,999	9,811	9,931	16.9	17.1
2900	Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators	114	88,228	11,957	12,077	13.6	13.7
2910	Photographers	108	80,548	2,275	4,246	2.8	5.3
2920	Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors	35	33,014	5,558	7,628	16.8	23.1
2960	Media and communication equipment workers, all other	0	0	0	0	–	–
3000	Chiropractors	15	8,810	126	126	1.4	1.4
3010	Dentists	65	54,578	0	1,260	0.0	2.3
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	131	93,907	9,973	10,646	10.6	11.3
3040	Optometrists	22	16,945	0	1,129	0.0	6.7
3050	Pharmacists	318	222,354	19,295	19,295	8.7	8.7
3060	Physicians and surgeons	908	666,518	33,838	48,869	5.1	7.3
3110	Physician assistants	121	83,982	1,889	2,507	2.2	3.0
3120	Podiatrists	4	3,804	0	0	0.0	0.0
3130	Registered nurses	3,682	2,577,560	499,763	555,657	19.4	21.6
3140	Audiologists	15	13,617	0	0	0.0	0.0
3150	Occupational therapists	103	66,117	13,217	13,443	20.0	20.3
3160	Physical therapists	262	188,955	18,317	20,203	9.7	10.7
3200	Radiation therapists	17	10,091	145	145	1.4	1.4
3210	Recreational therapists	28	21,927	3,287	4,323	15.0	19.7
3220	Respiratory therapists	133	92,750	14,788	15,963	15.9	17.2
3230	Speech-language pathologists	164	110,984	40,718	42,796	36.7	38.6
3240	Therapists, all other	131	96,863	8,600	10,154	8.9	10.5
3250	Veterinarians	60	35,711	0	0	0.0	0.0
3260	Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other	8	5,750	0	0	0.0	0.0
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	433	320,272	29,110	32,961	9.1	10.3
3310	Dental hygienists	212	149,898	2,639	2,639	1.8	1.8
3320	Diagnostic related technologists and technicians	409	286,698	33,612	37,954	11.7	13.2
3400	Emergency medical technicians and paramedics	180	146,438	29,052	32,303	19.8	22.1
3410	Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians	598	454,416	44,823	50,770	9.9	11.2
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	746	530,461	53,589	60,433	10.1	11.4
3510	Medical records and health information technicians	123	82,867	9,482	9,482	11.4	11.4
3520	Opticians, dispensing	70	49,292	0	0	0.0	0.0
3530	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	161	119,320	10,070	11,500	8.4	9.6
3540	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	69	47,596	6,348	7,320	13.3	15.4
3600	Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides	2,522	1,817,544	238,569	258,397	13.1	14.2
3610	Occupational therapist assistants and aides	13	8,326	1,211	1,211	14.5	14.5
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	85	59,286	3,855	3,855	6.5	6.5
3630	Massage therapists	81	60,607	0	0	0.0	0.0
3640	Dental assistants	388	272,278	5,671	6,594	2.1	2.4
3650	Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations	1,073	768,522	55,108	61,987	7.2	8.1
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	29,485	21,784,126	2,480,593	2,692,332	11.4	12.4
3700	First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers	56	40,740	16,590	18,463	40.7	45.3
3710	First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives	168	125,426	48,546	55,614	38.7	44.3
3720	First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers	80	60,245	35,991	37,128	59.7	61.6
3730	Supervisors, protective service workers, all other	123	91,633	8,295	10,332	9.1	11.3
3740	Fire fighters	363	275,954	181,336	183,441	65.7	66.5
3750	Fire inspectors	29	14,990	3,852	6,170	25.7	41.2
3800	Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers	577	446,007	192,783	205,218	43.2	46.0
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	183	134,997	42,721	44,838	31.6	33.2
3830	Fish and game wardens	13	7,453	3,384	4,001	45.4	53.7
3840	Parking enforcement workers	15	12,430	6,214	6,214	50.0	50.0
3850	Police and sheriff's patrol officers	861	667,476	383,371	397,361	57.4	59.5
3860	Transit and railroad police	6	5,897	1,508	1,508	25.6	25.6
3900	Animal control workers	12	9,509	1,625	1,625	17.1	17.1
3910	Private detectives and investigators	87	69,078	13,172	15,710	19.1	22.7
3920	Security guards and gaming surveillance officers	1,124	878,106	104,757	114,783	11.9	13.1
3940	Crossing guards	61	43,729	8,591	9,766	19.6	22.3
3950	Lifeguards and other protective service workers	191	141,209	12,956	14,527	9.2	10.3
4000	Chefs and head cooks	425	323,761	15,952	20,118	4.9	6.2
4010	First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers	715	530,598	26,975	31,283	5.1	5.9
4020	Cooks	2,480	1,877,784	85,257	96,227	4.5	5.1
4030	Food preparation workers	985	696,685	41,735	47,407	6.0	6.8
4040	Bartenders	499	359,006	13,270	13,270	3.7	3.7
4050	Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food	442	302,095	29,054	30,706	9.6	10.2
4060	Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop	449	321,066	9,452	12,962	2.9	4.0
4110	Waiters and waitresses	2,576	1,956,190	25,689	32,118	1.3	1.6
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	231	174,901	30,640	32,782	17.5	18.7
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	527	387,385	35,682	42,881	9.2	11.1
4140	Dishwashers	392	275,598	5,605	5,605	2.0	2.0
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	378	286,281	4,814	5,233	1.7	1.8
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	9	8,567	473	473	5.5	5.5
4200	First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers	295	202,355	31,732	35,534	15.7	17.6
4210	First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	146	107,088	2,540	2,540	2.4	2.4
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	2,735	1,949,124	309,305	336,403	15.9	17.3
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,811	1,303,993	87,674	96,344	6.7	7.4
4240	Pest control workers	82	70,112	2,187	2,187	3.1	3.1
4250	Grounds maintenance workers	1,255	1,009,218	63,586	75,970	6.3	7.5
4300	First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers	163	105,126	934	934	0.9	0.9
4320	First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers	85	61,978	3,072	4,945	5.0	8.0
4340	Animal trainers	19	12,482	0	0	0.0	0.0
4350	Nonfarm animal caretakers	135	100,476	3,387	3,387	3.4	3.4
4400	Gaming services workers	176	110,236	11,780	12,177	10.7	11.0
4410	Motion picture projectionists	9	6,482	0	0	0.0	0.0
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	67	52,982	1,959	1,959	3.7	3.7
4430	Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers	210	160,855	6,603	7,579	4.1	4.7
4460	Funeral service workers	18	9,372	0	0	0.0	0.0
4500	Barbers	58	51,477	1,908	1,908	3.7	3.7
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	639	485,882	4,885	4,885	1.0	1.0
4520	Miscellaneous personal appearance workers	201	170,942	3,260	3,260	1.9	1.9
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	83	59,214	21,461	21,461	36.2	36.2
4540	Tour and travel guides	56	35,870	2,713	3,166	7.6	8.8
4550	Transportation attendants	194	146,428	87,439	89,346	59.7	61.0
4600	Child care workers	1,278	932,080	46,869	52,848	5.0	5.7
4610	Personal and home care aides	972	694,699	63,459	71,442	9.1	10.3
4620	Recreation and fitness workers	393	295,311	10,365	14,527	3.5	4.9
4640	Residential advisors	82	61,176	17,205	18,159	28.1	29.7
4650	Personal care and service workers, all other	104	77,812	1,564	1,564	2.0	2.0
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	18,920	14,078,838	461,603	520,942	3.3	3.7
4700	First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers	3,478	2,533,710	110,322	122,559	4.4	4.8
4710	First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers	1,208	899,628	29,837	33,750	3.3	3.8
4720	Cashiers	4,052	3,024,867	180,157	191,500	6.0	6.3
4740	Counter and rental clerks	199	152,748	2,951	4,174	1.9	2.7
4750	Parts salespersons	173	129,775	5,244	5,766	4.0	4.4
4760	Retail salespersons	4,402	3,282,809	54,799	66,159	1.7	2.0
4800	Advertising sales agents	290	215,341	4,547	5,409	2.1	2.5
4810	Insurance sales agents	555	389,229	6,835	8,287	1.8	2.1
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	396	318,781	3,495	3,873	1.1	1.2
4830	Travel agents	130	95,694	1,808	1,808	1.9	1.9
4840	Sales representatives, services, all other	689	540,858	12,570	15,825	2.3	2.9
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	1,735	1,307,391	31,430	33,497	2.4	2.6
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	76	56,807	1,397	2,097	2.5	3.7
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	817	609,361	9,497	16,531	1.6	2.7
4930	Sales engineers	48	38,870	0	0	0.0	0.0
4940	Telemarketers	227	171,059	1,676	2,856	1.0	1.7
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	180	119,395	566	1,211	0.5	1.0
4960	Sales and related workers, all other	265	192,516	4,471	5,641	2.3	2.9
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	26,137	18,899,607	1,924,604	2,137,961	10.2	11.3
5000	First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers	2,126	1,525,518	93,665	108,340	6.1	7.1
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service	62	43,788	5,901	5,901	13.5	13.5
5020	Telephone operators	63	41,127	8,143	8,245	19.8	20.0
5030	Communications equipment operators, all other	8	6,631	864	864	13.0	13.0
5100	Bill and account collectors	294	209,819	11,275	11,275	5.4	5.4
5110	Billing and posting clerks and machine operators	576	425,009	24,736	28,738	5.8	6.8
5120	Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	1,832	1,265,979	48,627	54,341	3.8	4.3
5130	Gaming cage workers	25	13,919	936	936	6.7	6.7
5140	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	237	180,140	19,327	21,165	10.7	11.7
5150	Procurement clerks	34	24,499	1,884	4,143	7.7	16.9
5160	Tellers	631	464,573	7,431	7,431	1.6	1.6
5200	Brokerage clerks	13	6,492	0	0	0.0	0.0
5210	Correspondence clerks	13	7,014	898	1,778	12.8	25.3
5220	Court, municipal, and license clerks	153	99,761	27,572	29,073	27.6	29.1
5230	Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	74	47,015	2,027	2,609	4.3	5.5
5240	Customer service representatives	2,557	1,908,854	133,972	150,066	7.0	7.9
5250	Eligibility interviewers, government programs	108	69,969	25,229	27,058	36.1	38.7
5260	File Clerks	526	400,420	41,830	49,253	10.4	12.3
5300	Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	186	120,603	5,416	5,416	4.5	4.5
5310	Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	193	138,892	13,939	15,073	10.0	10.9
5320	Library assistants, clerical	160	117,654	24,057	27,705	20.4	23.5
5330	Loan interviewers and clerks	176	132,721	1,419	1,419	1.1	1.1
5340	New accounts clerks	21	15,005	1,109	1,109	7.4	7.4
5350	Order clerks	154	106,883	3,908	3,908	3.7	3.7
5360	Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	73	49,316	5,531	7,693	11.2	15.6
5400	Receptionists and information clerks	1,961	1,460,221	58,781	64,586	4.0	4.4
5410	Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	216	157,110	32,799	34,917	20.9	22.2
5420	Information and record clerks, all other	129	96,841	12,569	13,093	13.0	13.5
5500	Cargo and freight agents	29	20,370	5,121	6,158	25.1	30.2
5510	Couriers and messengers	325	240,131	60,319	60,742	25.1	25.3
5520	Dispatchers	391	292,888	59,485	64,017	20.3	21.9
5530	Meter readers, utilities	49	39,630	12,478	12,478	31.5	31.5
5540	Postal service clerks	228	164,660	110,568	117,006	67.1	71.1
5550	Postal service mail carriers	488	348,538	242,051	260,045	69.4	74.6
5560	Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	116	86,385	48,367	55,620	56.0	64.4
5600	Production, planning, and expediting clerks	371	256,403	25,481	29,126	9.9	11.4
5610	Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks	699	515,491	70,517	76,567	13.7	14.9
5620	Stock clerks and order fillers	1,998	1,498,457	151,613	166,229	10.1	11.1
5630	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	80	62,232	6,884	6,884	11.1	11.1
5700	Secretaries and administrative assistants	4,689	3,274,382	230,758	277,505	7.0	8.5
5800	Computer operators	212	159,664	10,862	12,122	6.8	7.6
5810	Data entry keyers	631	457,839	41,585	48,572	9.1	10.6
5820	Word processors and typists	300	227,480	35,725	39,804	15.7	17.5
5830	Desktop publishers	6	3,110	0	0	0.0	0.0
5840	Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	373	274,074	6,264	6,264	2.3	2.3
5850	Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	167	123,561	13,787	17,076	11.2	13.8
5860	Office clerks, general	1,454	1,056,964	118,854	130,394	11.2	12.3
5900	Office machine operators, except computer	59	45,728	5,787	5,787	12.7	12.7
5910	Proofreaders and copy markers	21	12,941	0	0	0.0	0.0
5920	Statistical assistants	29	21,743	2,232	2,232	10.3	10.3
5930	Office and administrative support workers, all other	821	581,166	52,021	57,198	9.0	9.8
	FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS	1,295	875,511	23,475	28,000	2.7	3.2
6000	First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	61	39,586	365	1,788	0.9	4.5
6010	Agricultural inspectors	24	11,368	4,332	4,522	38.1	39.8
6020	Animal breeders	2	940	0	0	0.0	0.0
6040	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	104	75,077	7,262	9,671	9.7	12.9
6050	Miscellaneous agricultural workers	990	670,956	10,463	10,966	1.6	1.6
6100	Fishers and related fishing workers	17	8,599	169	169	2.0	2.0
6110	Hunters and trappers	2	736	736	736	100.0	100.0
6120	Forest and conservation workers	12	6,144	0	0	0.0	0.0
6130	Logging workers	83	62,105	149	149	0.2	0.2
	CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS	10,144	7,707,575	1,433,798	1,480,126	18.6	19.2
6200	First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers	953	691,589	130,799	133,413	18.9	19.3
6210	Boilermakers	30	20,295	11,991	12,435	59.1	61.3
6220	Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	203	174,784	29,354	29,354	16.8	16.8
6230	Carpenters	1,706	1,279,160	199,321	205,281	15.6	16.0
6240	Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	192	163,617	17,157	17,157	10.5	10.5
6250	Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	114	91,178	14,990	16,127	16.4	17.7
6260	Construction laborers	1,904	1,538,433	183,750	190,944	11.9	12.4
6300	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	35	27,375	9,843	9,843	36.0	36.0
6310	Pile-driver operators	7	6,200	1,379	1,379	22.2	22.2
6320	Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	604	388,069	93,543	95,369	24.1	24.6
6330	Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	247	198,589	17,048	20,949	8.6	10.5
6350	Electricians	1,060	794,011	264,414	268,412	33.3	33.8
6360	Glaziers	53	44,916	6,850	6,850	15.3	15.3
6400	Insulation workers	67	50,368	11,539	11,539	22.9	22.9
6420	Painters, construction and maintenance	559	484,298	40,562	42,363	8.4	8.7
6430	Paperhangers	5	3,446	0	0	0.0	0.0
6440	Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	808	597,896	170,299	177,063	28.5	29.6
6460	Plasterers and stucco masons	73	67,716	4,527	4,527	6.7	6.7
6500	Reinforcing iron and rebar workers	8	6,546	2,415	2,415	36.9	36.9
6510	Roofers	258	217,534	20,181	21,236	9.3	9.8
6520	Sheet metal workers	171	127,941	34,642	36,245	27.1	28.3
6530	Structural iron and steel workers	104	77,841	36,808	37,139	47.3	47.7
6600	Helpers, construction trades	124	105,996	4,279	4,279	4.0	4.0
6660	Construction and building inspectors	131	99,904	25,482	27,768	25.5	27.8
6700	Elevator installers and repairers	38	31,550	17,104	17,104	54.2	54.2
6710	Fence erectors	35	28,425	4,391	4,391	15.4	15.4
6720	Hazardous materials removal workers	30	21,857	5,232	6,186	23.9	28.3
6730	Highway maintenance workers	163	106,949	41,776	44,834	39.1	41.9
6740	Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	21	11,360	9,968	9,968	87.7	87.7
6750	Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners	6	4,146	1,408	1,408	34.0	34.0
6760	Miscellaneous construction and related workers	45	36,208	4,459	4,459	12.3	12.3
6800	Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining	84	42,533	1,181	1,181	2.8	2.8
6820	Earth drillers, except oil and gas	55	30,176	465	465	1.5	1.5
6830	Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	13	3,993	155	155	3.9	3.9
6840	Mining machine operators	110	58,581	10,783	10,783	18.4	18.4
6910	Roof bolters, mining	8	3,415	841	841	24.6	24.6
6920	Roustabouts, oil and gas	10	4,553	0	0	0.0	0.0
6930	Helpers--extraction workers	12	7,191	0	0	0.0	0.0
6940	Other extraction workers	98	58,937	4,864	6,268	8.3	10.6
	INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	6,332	4,741,603	794,450	854,632	16.8	18.0
7000	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers	439	328,328	33,994	37,717	10.4	11.5
7010	Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	368	274,141	12,754	13,657	4.7	5.0
7020	Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	263	193,366	59,352	63,678	30.7	32.9
7030	Avionics technicians	23	12,924	3,305	4,911	25.6	38.0
7040	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	37	26,232	1,732	1,732	6.6	6.6
7050	Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment	8	4,757	3,652	3,652	76.8	76.8
7100	Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility	18	14,963	3,981	3,981	26.6	26.6
7110	Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles	30	27,359	8,844	8,844	32.3	32.3
7120	Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers	63	49,680	1,020	2,386	2.1	4.8
7130	Security and fire alarm systems installers	68	59,149	4,486	4,486	7.6	7.6
7140	Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	171	130,428	39,314	41,916	30.1	32.1
7150	Automotive body and related repairers	159	123,952	6,192	8,510	5.0	6.9
7160	Automotive glass installers and repairers	18	10,949	0	0	0.0	0.0
7200	Automotive service technicians and mechanics	908	704,590	41,912	48,755	5.9	6.9
7210	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	480	340,295	68,140	70,499	20.0	20.7
7220	Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	341	227,762	61,037	62,587	26.8	27.5
7240	Small engine mechanics	70	53,363	3,255	4,424	6.1	8.3
7260	Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	116	86,418	1,847	2,763	2.1	3.2
7300	Control and valve installers and repairers	29	19,663	10,124	10,124	51.5	51.5
7310	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	462	357,528	59,311	61,967	16.6	17.3
7320	Home appliance repairers	54	39,536	130	130	0.3	0.3
7330	Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics	537	402,302	81,441	88,661	20.2	22.0
7340	Maintenance and repair workers, general	628	469,309	78,549	86,915	16.7	18.5
7350	Maintenance workers, machinery	71	55,075	12,210	13,482	22.2	24.5
7360	Millwrights	95	75,890	36,059	36,059	47.5	47.5
7410	Electrical power-line installers and repairers	163	100,615	52,310	54,081	52.0	53.8
7420	Telecommunications line installers and repairers	273	214,231	68,531	74,146	32.0	34.6
7430	Precision instrument and equipment repairers	64	47,302	9,453	9,453	20.0	20.0
7510	Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	75	56,045	4,671	4,671	8.3	8.3
7520	Commercial divers	7	7,250	0	1,094	0.0	15.1
7540	Locksmiths and safe repairers	27	20,817	3,464	3,965	16.6	19.0
7550	Manufactured building and mobile home installers	15	13,003	984	1,709	7.6	13.1
7560	Riggers	11	6,537	194	194	3.0	3.0
7600	Signal and track switch repairers	14	10,087	7,413	7,779	73.5	77.1
7610	Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	26	22,412	2,060	2,060	9.2	9.2
7620	Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers	201	155,348	12,730	13,643	8.2	8.8
	PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS	11,815	8,902,587	1,243,011	1,313,530	14.0	14.8
7700	First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers	1,166	889,576	75,527	81,844	8.5	9.2
7710	Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers	12	8,122	2,288	2,549	28.2	31.4
7720	Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	262	207,483	16,991	16,991	8.2	8.2
7730	Engine and other machine assemblers	21	16,168	5,366	5,366	33.2	33.2
7740	Structural metal fabricators and fitters	42	30,946	5,114	6,189	16.5	20.0
7750	Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators	1,341	1,035,832	164,206	168,056	15.9	16.2
7800	Bakers	217	164,416	25,592	29,036	15.6	17.7
7810	Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	397	268,941	68,512	68,952	25.5	25.6
7830	Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	18	13,814	1,464	1,464	10.6	10.6
7840	Food batchmakers	118	85,414	13,183	13,366	15.4	15.6
7850	Food cooking machine operators and tenders	10	6,230	2,072	2,072	33.3	33.3
7900	Computer control programmers and operators	77	55,417	5,313	5,693	9.6	10.3
7920	Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	25	18,365	3,286	3,286	17.9	17.9
7930	Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	9	8,742	2,147	2,147	24.6	24.6
7940	Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	16	12,676	1,798	1,798	14.2	14.2
7950	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	149	121,822	26,581	26,939	21.8	22.1
7960	Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	5	1,669	0	0	0.0	0.0
8000	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and pl	63	50,888	7,583	8,538	14.9	16.8
8010	Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	14	12,977	2,702	2,702	20.8	20.8
8020	Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	5	2,910	0	0	0.0	0.0
8030	Machinists	552	412,955	69,756	72,889	16.9	17.7
8040	Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders	32	22,934	3,993	3,993	17.4	17.4
8060	Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic	17	13,548	3,930	3,930	29.0	29.0
8100	Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	96	75,980	13,348	13,348	17.6	17.6
8120	Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	7	5,192	2,270	2,270	43.7	43.7
8130	Tool and die makers	105	77,211	25,580	25,580	33.1	33.1
8140	Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	773	549,594	95,975	97,927	17.5	17.8
8150	Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	14	11,502	5,689	5,689	49.5	49.5
8160	Lay-out workers, metal and plastic	11	7,448	2,936	3,959	39.4	53.2
8200	Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	24	15,968	2,728	2,728	17.1	17.1
8210	Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners	9	4,885	0	0	0.0	0.0
8220	Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other	552	429,852	55,734	61,276	13.0	14.3
8230	Bookbinders and bindery workers	63	46,727	7,014	7,014	15.0	15.0
8240	Job printers	44	38,508	958	2,759	2.5	7.2
8250	Prepress technicians and workers	81	56,513	2,459	2,459	4.4	4.4
8260	Printing machine operators	254	189,955	23,539	24,466	12.4	12.9
8300	Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	284	207,132	8,060	8,060	3.9	3.9
8310	Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	75	62,069	5,299	5,299	8.5	8.5
8320	Sewing machine operators	288	242,287	11,654	12,519	4.8	5.2
8330	Shoe and leather workers and repairers	6	5,836	0	0	0.0	0.0
8340	Shoe machine operators and tenders	18	11,971	2,639	2,639	22.0	22.0
8350	Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	79	63,359	5,924	5,924	9.3	9.3
8360	Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders	6	4,625	0	0	0.0	0.0
8400	Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders	11	7,817	0	0	0.0	0.0
8410	Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders	15	11,332	0	0	0.0	0.0
8420	Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders	29	26,397	0	0	0.0	0.0
8430	Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers	1	141	0	0	0.0	0.0
8440	Fabric and apparel patternmakers	5	5,618	0	0	0.0	0.0
8450	Upholsterers	37	34,038	0	0	0.0	0.0
8460	Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other	16	11,666	157	157	1.3	1.3
8500	Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	87	70,291	3,937	3,937	5.6	5.6
8510	Furniture finishers	15	10,727	1,363	1,363	12.7	12.7
8520	Model makers and patternmakers, wood	1	975	0	0	0.0	0.0
8530	Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	75	55,925	3,859	5,201	6.9	9.3
8540	Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	37	27,280	2,041	2,041	7.5	7.5
8550	Woodworkers, all other	37	21,024	914	2,308	4.3	11.0
8600	Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	78	47,112	21,035	21,230	44.6	45.1
8610	Stationary engineers and boiler operators	126	89,817	26,926	26,926	30.0	30.0
8620	Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators	104	74,605	25,674	26,565	34.4	35.6
8630	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	64	41,571	7,391	7,391	17.8	17.8
8640	Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	60	45,930	22,753	22,753	49.5	49.5
8650	Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	152	107,875	13,892	14,892	12.9	13.8
8710	Cutting workers	106	88,524	8,458	9,322	9.6	10.5
8720	Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	41	31,843	5,910	5,910	18.6	18.6
8730	Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	17	12,300	3,576	4,824	29.1	39.2
8740	Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	972	726,479	88,534	98,751	12.2	13.6
8750	Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	34	22,225	0	0	0.0	0.0
8760	Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians	124	92,633	4,827	4,827	5.2	5.2
8800	Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	375	277,355	32,247	35,535	11.6	12.8
8810	Painting workers	226	176,982	14,700	17,377	8.3	9.8
8830	Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	75	65,403	4,350	4,483	6.7	6.9
8840	Semiconductor processors	4	3,800	0	0	0.0	0.0
8850	Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders	23	18,013	3,516	3,516	19.5	19.5
8860	Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders	15	12,096	316	316	2.6	2.6
8900	Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders	7	5,982	2,044	2,044	34.2	34.2
8910	Etchers and engravers	9	4,191	0	0	0.0	0.0
8920	Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	47	30,945	3,978	3,978	12.9	12.9
8930	Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	69	48,198	10,178	11,144	21.1	23.1
8940	Tire builders	22	17,713	7,709	7,709	43.5	43.5
8950	Helpers--production workers	50	41,067	2,553	2,553	6.2	6.2
8960	Production workers, all other	1,292	968,237	140,966	154,765	14.6	16.0
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	10,848	8,230,515	1,455,892	1,560,205	17.7	19.0
9000	Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers	285	212,949	27,970	33,152	13.1	15.6
9030	Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	157	113,520	62,302	62,762	54.9	55.3
9040	Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	45	30,888	14,924	17,561	48.3	56.9
9110	Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	17	15,492	1,067	2,371	6.9	15.3
9120	Bus drivers	783	571,505	193,297	212,282	33.8	37.1
9130	Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	4,113	3,061,595	453,346	479,135	14.8	15.6
9140	Taxi drivers and chauffeurs	333	267,346	17,696	24,061	6.6	9.0
9150	Motor vehicle operators, all other	88	65,199	6,371	8,374	9.8	12.8
9200	Locomotive engineers and operators	93	54,101	39,470	40,286	73.0	74.5
9230	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	11	7,238	5,405	5,405	74.7	74.7
9240	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	76	51,570	43,077	43,077	83.5	83.5
9260	Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers	23	17,271	10,879	10,879	63.0	63.0
9300	Sailors and marine oilers	23	15,632	1,653	1,653	10.6	10.6
9310	Ship and boat captains and operators	60	41,938	2,349	2,349	5.6	5.6
9330	Ship engineers	4	3,177	183	183	5.8	5.8
9340	Bridge and lock tenders	5	2,561	1,790	1,790	69.9	69.9
9350	Parking lot attendants	96	90,565	12,156	13,803	13.4	15.2
9360	Service station attendants	115	85,706	2,677	2,677	3.1	3.1
9410	Transportation inspectors	54	42,243	17,160	19,230	40.6	45.5
9420	Other transportation workers	29	21,596	7,925	7,925	36.7	36.7
9500	Conveyor operators and tenders	7	7,392	968	968	13.1	13.1
9510	Crane and tower operators	77	56,122	22,792	24,231	40.6	43.2
9520	Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators	70	46,619	8,715	9,569	18.7	20.5
9560	Hoist and winch operators	11	7,067	94	94	1.3	1.3
9600	Industrial truck and tractor operators	653	554,788	107,293	107,651	19.3	19.4
9610	Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	363	303,152	18,035	19,996	5.9	6.6
9620	Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	2,481	1,912,944	304,697	333,528	15.9	17.4
9630	Machine feeders and offbearers	44	27,234	5,733	5,733	21.1	21.1
9640	Packers and packagers, hand	519	406,114	35,520	36,164	8.7	8.9
9650	Pumping station operators	37	19,034	1,018	1,018	5.3	5.3
9720	Refuse and recyclable material collectors	99	71,007	17,386	18,532	24.5	26.1
9730	Shuttle car operators	6	2,878	736	736	25.6	25.6
9740	Tank car, truck, and ship loaders	8	4,335	1,916	1,916	44.2	44.2
9750	Material moving workers, all other	63	39,735	9,290	11,113	23.4	28.0
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2007. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: COC=1990 Census occupation code
used in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are
union members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers
who are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2008 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.