Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 2008 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation (Standard Occupational Classification)	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	23,704	17,325,620	866,159	1,039,439	5.0	6.0
10	Chief executives	1,526	1,101,001	29,944	39,083	2.7	3.5
20	General and operations managers	1,321	946,292	27,204	33,066	2.9	3.5
40	Advertising and promotions managers	88	72,669	2,291	2,291	3.2	3.2
50	Marketing and sales managers	1,160	892,751	13,318	17,550	1.5	2.0
60	Public relations managers	87	58,825	2,263	2,618	3.8	4.5
100	Administrative services managers	138	95,902	6,547	7,241	6.8	7.6
110	Computer and information systems managers	578	441,201	14,965	15,965	3.4	3.6
120	Financial managers	1,484	1,102,986	17,550	22,886	1.6	2.1
130	Human resources managers	411	295,981	5,506	5,789	1.9	2.0
140	Industrial production managers	304	229,055	8,340	10,709	3.6	4.7
150	Purchasing managers	244	186,818	8,103	11,311	4.3	6.1
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	294	221,830	12,568	14,252	5.7	6.4
200	Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers	159	82,479	246	1,353	0.3	1.6
220	Construction managers	801	601,172	46,663	52,377	7.8	8.7
230	Education administrators	1,094	798,996	135,630	161,065	17.0	20.2
300	Engineering managers	140	101,960	6,684	6,684	6.6	6.6
310	Food service managers	916	688,893	11,491	13,952	1.7	2.0
320	Funeral directors	40	29,512	1,039	1,039	3.5	3.5
330	Gaming managers	23	14,405	0	0	0.0	0.0
340	Lodging managers	181	128,680	1,030	1,635	0.8	1.3
350	Medical and health services managers	754	529,470	28,002	38,017	5.3	7.2
360	Natural sciences managers	18	15,450	1,124	1,124	7.3	7.3
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	459	341,406	6,263	8,588	1.8	2.5
420	Social and community service managers	532	321,810	14,226	15,861	4.4	4.9
430	Managers, all other	3,478	2,543,173	163,191	194,594	6.4	7.7
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	44	36,253	1,026	1,026	2.8	2.8
510	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	11	5,098	0	0	0.0	0.0
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	229	168,859	4,719	7,379	2.8	4.4
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	360	267,766	8,051	11,220	3.0	4.2
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	401	296,167	15,975	16,753	5.4	5.7
560	Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation	252	171,650	24,630	27,126	14.3	15.8
600	Cost estimators	117	85,916	8,923	9,600	10.4	11.2
620	Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists	1,050	768,626	66,696	80,740	8.7	10.5
700	Logisticians	53	39,484	3,766	5,465	9.5	13.8
710	Management analysts	661	482,190	9,089	13,026	1.9	2.7
720	Meeting and convention planners	74	56,241	4,517	4,517	8.0	8.0
730	Other business operations specialists	357	235,725	25,039	30,387	10.6	12.9
800	Accountants and auditors	2,170	1,636,758	73,477	85,240	4.5	5.2
810	Appraisers and assessors of real estate	94	64,896	5,726	7,081	8.8	10.9
820	Budget analysts	96	64,609	4,294	5,248	6.6	8.1
830	Credit analysts	35	19,672	0	0	0.0	0.0
840	Financial analysts	114	88,881	3,409	3,409	3.8	3.8
850	Personal financial advisors	435	336,715	5,379	8,411	1.6	2.5
860	Insurance underwriters	115	79,222	309	309	0.4	0.4
900	Financial examiners	13	6,078	1,627	1,887	26.8	31.0
910	Loan counselors and officers	529	373,524	8,087	10,102	2.2	2.7
930	Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents	74	54,465	16,851	20,086	30.9	36.9
940	Tax prepares	104	75,960	4,872	5,869	6.4	7.7
950	Financial specialists, all other	86	68,150	5,509	5,509	8.1	8.1
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	38,852	28,212,175	5,243,631	5,909,028	18.6	20.9
1000	Computer scientists and systems analysts	1,034	788,287	37,962	49,397	4.8	6.3
1010	Computer programmers	637	495,332	33,029	37,775	6.7	7.6
1020	Computer software engineers	1,228	970,514	22,758	32,306	2.3	3.3
1040	Computer support specialists	533	406,130	24,223	27,235	6.0	6.7
1060	Database administrators	129	97,083	3,389	3,568	3.5	3.7
1100	Network and computer systems administrators	286	218,185	12,709	16,195	5.8	7.4
1110	Network systems and data communications analysts	497	372,761	21,233	25,891	5.7	6.9
1200	Actuaries	40	25,314	835	835	3.3	3.3
1210	Mathematicians	2	2,344	0	0	0.0	0.0
1220	Operations research analysts	112	70,718	11,461	13,155	16.2	18.6
1230	Statisticians	57	39,461	2,341	3,328	5.9	8.4
1240	Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations	3	1,549	0	0	0.0	0.0
1300	Architects, except naval	217	158,834	6,072	7,674	3.8	4.8
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	61	38,011	1,594	2,289	4.2	6.0
1320	Aerospace engineers	163	136,512	16,073	16,073	11.8	11.8
1330	Agricultural engineers	8	3,785	0	0	0.0	0.0
1340	Biomedical engineers	14	10,646	0	0	0.0	0.0
1350	Chemical engineers	81	64,456	2,015	2,212	3.1	3.4
1360	Civil engineers	451	311,834	26,018	30,380	8.3	9.7
1400	Computer hardware engineers	76	62,100	2,135	2,135	3.4	3.4
1410	Electrical and electronic engineers	453	345,110	19,332	23,503	5.6	6.8
1420	Environmental engineers	50	34,137	4,113	4,281	12.0	12.5
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	221	166,921	9,684	12,531	5.8	7.5
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	27	15,965	1,967	1,967	12.3	12.3
1450	Materials engineers	51	41,133	4,125	4,125	10.0	10.0
1460	Mechanical engineers	376	303,691	15,143	15,483	5.0	5.1
1500	Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers	17	11,543	994	994	8.6	8.6
1510	Nuclear engineers	9	8,958	0	0	0.0	0.0
1520	Petroleum engineers	31	17,609	1,038	1,117	5.9	6.3
1530	Engineers, all other	463	351,976	16,531	22,395	4.7	6.4
1540	Drafters	232	163,852	3,897	4,899	2.4	3.0
1550	Engineering technicians, except drafters	564	409,249	64,681	72,495	15.8	17.7
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	113	89,806	7,581	8,460	8.4	9.4
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	56	34,098	3,163	3,163	9.3	9.3
1610	Biological scientists	165	100,316	7,525	10,527	7.5	10.5
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	43	20,861	2,646	3,642	12.7	17.5
1650	Medical scientists	176	132,876	4,272	5,145	3.2	3.9
1700	Astronomers and physicists	24	19,867	322	322	1.6	1.6
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	16	8,444	282	664	3.3	7.9
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	146	108,291	8,011	10,407	7.4	9.6
1740	Environmental scientists and geoscientists	142	79,373	7,861	9,169	9.9	11.6
1760	Physical scientists, all other	169	128,502	8,915	11,147	6.9	8.7
1800	Economists	57	17,364	649	743	3.7	4.3
1810	Market and survey researchers	161	121,770	2,081	2,747	1.7	2.3
1820	Psychologists	166	114,314	35,678	40,780	31.2	35.7
1830	Sociologists	4	1,418	177	177	12.5	12.5
1840	Urban and regional planners	45	31,949	3,439	5,599	10.8	17.5
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	77	38,371	2,924	3,818	7.6	10.0
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	34	23,866	462	1,843	1.9	7.7
1910	Biological technicians	34	22,165	2,521	2,521	11.4	11.4
1920	Chemical technicians	81	59,462	2,305	3,580	3.9	6.0
1930	Geological and petroleum technicians	22	8,909	510	510	5.7	5.7
1940	Nuclear technicians	3	2,436	1,015	1,015	41.6	41.6
1960	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	208	134,364	11,144	14,045	8.3	10.5
2000	Counselors	900	626,295	128,068	147,293	20.4	23.5
2010	Social workers	1,003	704,119	152,226	168,022	21.6	23.9
2020	Miscellaneous community and social service specialists	419	295,103	73,211	78,004	24.8	26.4
2040	Clergy	607	448,485	8,979	12,296	2.0	2.7
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	69	51,016	723	723	1.4	1.4
2060	Religious workers, all other	139	96,610	0	0	0.0	0.0
2100	Lawyers, Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers	1,079	741,009	48,797	57,923	6.6	7.8
2140	Paralegals and legal assistants	467	345,067	11,201	14,604	3.2	4.2
2150	Miscellaneous legal support workers	320	231,691	13,714	14,224	5.9	6.1
2200	Postsecondary teachers	1,734	1,218,017	265,976	302,405	21.8	24.8
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	886	674,705	137,109	153,591	20.3	22.8
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	3,977	2,960,088	1,484,044	1,661,293	50.1	56.1
2320	Secondary school teachers	1,684	1,210,333	652,265	714,529	53.9	59.0
2330	Special education teachers	573	383,105	226,562	244,117	59.1	63.7
2340	Other teachers and instructors	780	572,725	61,328	67,357	10.7	11.8
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	60	31,605	3,941	4,149	12.5	13.1
2430	Librarians	310	195,794	50,550	59,155	25.8	30.2
2440	Library technicians	72	50,225	9,740	10,457	19.4	20.8
2540	Teacher assistants	1,438	1,037,216	342,523	385,053	33.0	37.1
2550	Other education, training, and library workers	133	89,687	24,607	27,889	27.4	31.1
2600	Artists and related workers	111	89,398	6,406	6,406	7.2	7.2
2630	Designers	853	637,693	19,078	23,347	3.0	3.7
2700	Actors	14	10,122	5,829	7,109	57.6	70.2
2710	Producers and directors	150	120,488	11,187	15,080	9.3	12.5
2720	Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers	274	209,029	15,876	21,230	7.6	10.2
2740	Dancers and choreographers	23	18,787	0	0	0.0	0.0
2750	Musicians, singers, and related workers	96	81,172	8,129	8,129	10.0	10.0
2760	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	25	18,742	0	1,277	0.0	6.8
2800	Announcers	51	32,054	2,784	2,784	8.7	8.7
2810	News analysts, reporters and correspondents	125	80,948	11,683	13,248	14.4	16.4
2820	Public relations specialists	199	124,921	8,520	9,304	6.8	7.4
2830	Editors	220	149,171	8,801	11,327	5.9	7.6
2840	Technical writers	67	49,007	1,539	1,539	3.1	3.1
2850	Writers and authors	155	93,011	7,204	10,265	7.7	11.0
2860	Miscellaneous media and communication workers	89	69,406	9,884	9,884	14.2	14.2
2900	Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators	116	86,200	16,285	17,325	18.9	20.1
2910	Photographers	114	87,648	3,509	3,617	4.0	4.1
2920	Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors	41	34,908	3,675	4,072	10.5	11.7
2960	Media and communication equipment workers, all other	1	924	924	924	100.0	100.0
3000	Chiropractors	18	12,597	1,250	1,250	9.9	9.9
3010	Dentists	58	46,394	0	0	0.0	0.0
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	136	101,079	13,752	17,087	13.6	16.9
3040	Optometrists	21	13,900	965	965	6.9	6.9
3050	Pharmacists	312	244,920	13,097	16,408	5.3	6.7
3060	Physicians and surgeons	877	653,392	41,231	60,604	6.3	9.3
3110	Physician assistants	143	105,533	5,018	6,010	4.8	5.7
3120	Podiatrists	7	6,076	953	2,485	15.7	40.9
3130	Registered nurses	3,821	2,720,051	539,283	584,038	19.8	21.5
3140	Audiologists	14	9,690	111	1,506	1.1	15.5
3150	Occupational therapists	116	77,190	6,932	9,449	9.0	12.2
3160	Physical therapists	250	179,126	9,443	11,654	5.3	6.5
3200	Radiation therapists	25	17,760	2,765	2,765	15.6	15.6
3210	Recreational therapists	23	18,164	4,451	5,452	24.5	30.0
3220	Respiratory therapists	143	106,127	14,020	15,376	13.2	14.5
3230	Speech-language pathologists	167	113,759	40,833	45,305	35.9	39.8
3240	Therapists, all other	139	97,491	4,942	6,084	5.1	6.2
3250	Veterinarians	52	35,254	867	867	2.5	2.5
3260	Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other	8	5,066	0	0	0.0	0.0
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	474	349,118	32,310	38,890	9.3	11.1
3310	Dental hygienists	220	145,997	7,136	10,633	4.9	7.3
3320	Diagnostic related technologists and technicians	428	297,763	28,256	33,738	9.5	11.3
3400	Emergency medical technicians and paramedics	178	133,555	36,186	36,492	27.1	27.3
3410	Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians	616	455,312	40,990	48,489	9.0	10.6
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	728	546,961	51,154	52,931	9.4	9.7
3510	Medical records and health information technicians	131	90,605	12,979	14,028	14.3	15.5
3520	Opticians, dispensing	70	48,320	1,924	1,924	4.0	4.0
3530	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	165	129,014	2,955	5,317	2.3	4.1
3540	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	73	52,618	14,118	15,073	26.8	28.6
3600	Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides	2,503	1,848,249	222,817	234,309	12.1	12.7
3610	Occupational therapist assistants and aides	10	6,760	2,397	2,397	35.5	35.5
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	100	71,854	1,705	2,616	2.4	3.6
3630	Massage therapists	93	68,433	0	0	0.0	0.0
3640	Dental assistants	361	266,784	5,542	6,531	2.1	2.4
3650	Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations	1,051	765,949	63,778	71,130	8.3	9.3
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	29,499	22,114,188	2,624,357	2,830,772	11.9	12.8
3700	First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers	59	43,214	14,394	16,001	33.3	37.0
3710	First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives	161	120,816	59,593	61,630	49.3	51.0
3720	First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers	67	54,604	22,082	26,390	40.4	48.3
3730	Supervisors, protective service workers, all other	119	96,046	8,852	8,852	9.2	9.2
3740	Fire fighters	399	294,990	192,519	195,018	65.3	66.1
3750	Fire inspectors	32	25,176	10,535	10,535	41.8	41.8
3800	Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers	510	399,362	174,352	183,568	43.7	46.0
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	184	143,121	61,654	65,165	43.1	45.5
3830	Fish and game wardens	13	4,205	2,028	2,028	48.2	48.2
3840	Parking enforcement workers	7	5,502	3,924	3,924	71.3	71.3
3850	Police and sheriff's patrol officers	885	689,366	400,002	415,895	58.0	60.3
3860	Transit and railroad police	4	3,023	1,753	1,753	58.0	58.0
3900	Animal control workers	17	9,508	2,508	2,635	26.4	27.7
3910	Private detectives and investigators	106	80,382	11,865	12,220	14.8	15.2
3920	Security guards and gaming surveillance officers	1,083	847,046	81,232	91,154	9.6	10.8
3940	Crossing guards	81	65,248	16,235	17,008	24.9	26.1
3950	Lifeguards and other protective service workers	194	141,596	5,703	7,836	4.0	5.5
4000	Chefs and head cooks	431	325,027	20,101	20,450	6.2	6.3
4010	First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers	777	572,503	29,876	37,137	5.2	6.5
4020	Cooks	2,571	1,981,975	104,406	118,457	5.3	6.0
4030	Food preparation workers	1,038	730,271	60,996	62,719	8.4	8.6
4040	Bartenders	517	366,950	13,165	15,989	3.6	4.4
4050	Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food	410	296,172	44,107	45,413	14.9	15.3
4060	Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop	428	314,031	7,806	8,679	2.5	2.8
4110	Waiters and waitresses	2,558	1,990,599	53,032	56,007	2.7	2.8
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	247	184,495	26,663	27,631	14.5	15.0
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	482	361,355	21,536	29,230	6.0	8.1
4140	Dishwashers	424	297,751	14,891	16,210	5.0	5.4
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	348	266,410	3,936	5,177	1.5	1.9
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	9	6,936	452	452	6.5	6.5
4200	First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers	292	217,219	35,037	36,447	16.1	16.8
4210	First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	125	93,060	6,676	11,528	7.2	12.4
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	2,742	2,002,094	347,050	382,888	17.3	19.1
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,772	1,301,536	86,718	97,095	6.7	7.5
4240	Pest control workers	82	65,354	3,427	3,427	5.2	5.2
4250	Grounds maintenance workers	1,205	968,680	55,014	60,126	5.7	6.2
4300	First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers	157	111,784	2,377	2,377	2.1	2.1
4320	First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers	90	68,563	1,823	1,823	2.7	2.7
4340	Animal trainers	22	17,937	0	0	0.0	0.0
4350	Nonfarm animal caretakers	145	112,240	5,435	5,435	4.8	4.8
4400	Gaming services workers	174	110,696	6,311	8,364	5.7	7.6
4410	Motion picture projectionists	10	6,824	1,015	1,015	14.9	14.9
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	49	34,184	3,293	3,293	9.6	9.6
4430	Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers	246	176,101	7,674	10,246	4.4	5.8
4460	Funeral service workers	16	10,263	0	0	0.0	0.0
4500	Barbers	49	44,623	1,070	1,070	2.4	2.4
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	598	464,963	7,252	9,193	1.6	2.0
4520	Miscellaneous personal appearance workers	202	181,632	3,030	4,959	1.7	2.7
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	91	67,479	22,670	24,239	33.6	35.9
4540	Tour and travel guides	48	31,539	3,523	3,523	11.2	11.2
4550	Transportation attendants	166	137,158	79,546	84,208	58.0	61.4
4600	Child care workers	1,205	881,313	49,324	58,348	5.6	6.6
4610	Personal and home care aides	1,103	804,665	87,352	93,316	10.9	11.6
4620	Recreation and fitness workers	419	303,276	10,920	10,920	3.6	3.6
4640	Residential advisors	97	75,042	24,410	26,746	32.5	35.6
4650	Personal care and service workers, all other	115	80,253	6,972	8,040	8.7	10.0
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	18,300	13,708,431	446,616	530,757	3.3	3.9
4700	First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers	3,604	2,598,237	119,074	136,467	4.6	5.3
4710	First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers	1,105	826,844	15,236	20,168	1.8	2.4
4720	Cashiers	3,959	2,939,639	165,149	178,830	5.6	6.1
4740	Counter and rental clerks	201	147,870	3,233	3,233	2.2	2.2
4750	Parts salespersons	165	122,976	1,063	1,063	0.9	0.9
4760	Retail salespersons	4,270	3,246,123	53,474	74,128	1.6	2.3
4800	Advertising sales agents	260	201,426	6,822	7,833	3.4	3.9
4810	Insurance sales agents	561	419,418	737	6,772	0.2	1.6
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	385	306,894	0	1,006	0.0	0.3
4830	Travel agents	97	75,371	972	972	1.3	1.3
4840	Sales representatives, services, all other	582	466,495	19,323	20,482	4.1	4.4
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	1,639	1,235,706	25,819	35,299	2.1	2.9
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	72	54,964	95	95	0.2	0.2
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	728	573,247	24,193	29,853	4.2	5.2
4930	Sales engineers	51	41,289	1,132	1,132	2.7	2.7
4940	Telemarketers	173	141,643	1,122	1,122	0.8	0.8
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	159	112,158	3,308	4,437	2.9	4.0
4960	Sales and related workers, all other	289	198,132	5,864	7,866	3.0	4.0
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	25,614	18,770,085	1,948,564	2,179,481	10.4	11.6
5000	First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers	2,166	1,599,915	99,726	115,631	6.2	7.2
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service	67	50,723	6,206	7,541	12.2	14.9
5020	Telephone operators	61	49,889	4,013	4,105	8.0	8.2
5030	Communications equipment operators, all other	7	7,588	1,609	1,609	21.2	21.2
5100	Bill and account collectors	302	225,298	5,088	6,904	2.3	3.1
5110	Billing and posting clerks and machine operators	682	503,103	35,943	40,063	7.1	8.0
5120	Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	1,784	1,245,545	63,843	72,915	5.1	5.9
5130	Gaming cage workers	27	17,720	1,284	1,284	7.2	7.2
5140	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	201	150,676	12,893	14,303	8.6	9.5
5150	Procurement clerks	33	24,590	3,121	3,252	12.7	13.2
5160	Tellers	595	451,407	7,136	8,855	1.6	2.0
5200	Brokerage clerks	6	4,470	214	214	4.8	4.8
5210	Correspondence clerks	11	7,035	1,464	1,464	20.8	20.8
5220	Court, municipal, and license clerks	145	101,138	27,879	29,772	27.6	29.4
5230	Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	78	61,086	611	1,668	1.0	2.7
5240	Customer service representatives	2,471	1,870,127	130,221	150,731	7.0	8.1
5250	Eligibility interviewers, government programs	87	60,207	18,463	21,169	30.7	35.2
5260	File Clerks	509	377,757	43,622	45,227	11.5	12.0
5300	Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	179	115,551	2,927	2,927	2.5	2.5
5310	Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	221	158,259	13,791	17,802	8.7	11.2
5320	Library assistants, clerical	161	108,563	17,953	22,196	16.5	20.4
5330	Loan interviewers and clerks	156	122,642	1,431	3,870	1.2	3.2
5340	New accounts clerks	33	23,826	1,264	1,576	5.3	6.6
5350	Order clerks	157	119,881	9,856	10,037	8.2	8.4
5360	Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	81	54,495	5,727	6,463	10.5	11.9
5400	Receptionists and information clerks	1,906	1,417,238	48,507	55,536	3.4	3.9
5410	Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	200	144,574	25,664	28,151	17.8	19.5
5420	Information and record clerks, all other	150	105,969	13,852	17,066	13.1	16.1
5500	Cargo and freight agents	28	19,394	3,918	3,918	20.2	20.2
5510	Couriers and messengers	296	225,420	48,400	49,504	21.5	22.0
5520	Dispatchers	371	260,551	47,127	50,946	18.1	19.6
5530	Meter readers, utilities	59	45,996	12,615	13,309	27.4	28.9
5540	Postal service clerks	242	173,834	109,967	123,209	63.3	70.9
5550	Postal service mail carriers	504	374,493	256,262	277,545	68.4	74.1
5560	Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	120	86,970	58,102	60,944	66.8	70.1
5600	Production, planning, and expediting clerks	353	265,253	25,767	29,739	9.7	11.2
5610	Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks	708	544,123	69,056	70,994	12.7	13.0
5620	Stock clerks and order fillers	1,979	1,490,805	160,402	181,518	10.8	12.2
5630	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	85	61,356	11,223	12,533	18.3	20.4
5700	Secretaries and administrative assistants	4,527	3,187,881	254,211	298,797	8.0	9.4
5800	Computer operators	163	123,176	17,244	17,244	14.0	14.0
5810	Data entry keyers	545	411,885	42,931	47,696	10.4	11.6
5820	Word processors and typists	199	150,404	23,212	24,861	15.4	16.5
5830	Desktop publishers	7	3,422	1,160	1,160	33.9	33.9
5840	Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	404	290,691	11,180	14,625	3.8	5.0
5850	Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	173	124,804	17,091	17,091	13.7	13.7
5860	Office clerks, general	1,522	1,143,306	120,750	133,130	10.6	11.6
5900	Office machine operators, except computer	61	38,653	1,314	1,314	3.4	3.4
5910	Proofreaders and copy markers	21	14,118	2,293	2,293	16.2	16.2
5920	Statistical assistants	29	19,270	3,191	3,191	16.6	16.6
5930	Office and administrative support workers, all other	742	535,006	46,842	51,591	8.8	9.6
	FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS	1,340	900,769	38,644	45,671	4.3	5.1
6000	First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	50	34,859	2,330	2,330	6.7	6.7
6010	Agricultural inspectors	42	28,370	6,953	7,376	24.5	26.0
6020	Animal breeders	7	4,223	0	0	0.0	0.0
6040	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	94	67,481	9,864	9,864	14.6	14.6
6050	Miscellaneous agricultural workers	1,043	700,434	16,179	21,854	2.3	3.1
6100	Fishers and related fishing workers	21	9,424	0	0	0.0	0.0
6110	Hunters and trappers	1	948	0	0	0.0	0.0
6120	Forest and conservation workers	8	5,376	982	982	18.3	18.3
6130	Logging workers	74	49,653	2,335	3,265	4.7	6.6
	CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS	9,148	6,875,853	1,391,249	1,445,258	20.2	21.0
6200	First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers	891	637,747	131,325	134,991	20.6	21.2
6210	Boilermakers	28	23,273	11,998	11,998	51.6	51.6
6220	Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	213	174,560	31,099	32,215	17.8	18.5
6230	Carpenters	1,453	1,065,540	192,714	197,369	18.1	18.5
6240	Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	162	138,621	9,222	9,222	6.7	6.7
6250	Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	101	83,676	11,836	11,836	14.1	14.1
6260	Construction laborers	1,700	1,356,531	191,577	198,368	14.1	14.6
6300	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	31	23,467	6,178	6,644	26.3	28.3
6310	Pile-driver operators	2	1,997	917	917	45.9	45.9
6320	Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	574	365,515	97,026	103,002	26.5	28.2
6330	Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	197	171,470	27,525	30,580	16.1	17.8
6350	Electricians	1,014	746,399	241,572	249,630	32.4	33.4
6360	Glaziers	58	40,783	4,233	4,233	10.4	10.4
6400	Insulation workers	52	36,953	8,380	9,809	22.7	26.5
6420	Painters, construction and maintenance	498	419,709	50,207	52,344	12.0	12.5
6430	Paperhangers	5	4,061	801	801	19.7	19.7
6440	Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	696	507,621	155,118	164,258	30.6	32.4
6460	Plasterers and stucco masons	51	44,543	4,235	4,235	9.5	9.5
6500	Reinforcing iron and rebar workers	21	19,020	7,638	7,638	40.2	40.2
6510	Roofers	213	181,767	20,681	22,246	11.4	12.2
6520	Sheet metal workers	157	113,909	36,002	37,874	31.6	33.2
6530	Structural iron and steel workers	95	77,826	31,023	31,023	39.9	39.9
6600	Helpers, construction trades	122	109,096	6,174	6,174	5.7	5.7
6660	Construction and building inspectors	128	87,863	21,320	22,041	24.3	25.1
6700	Elevator installers and repairers	44	39,285	19,052	20,100	48.5	51.2
6710	Fence erectors	37	30,696	2,505	2,505	8.2	8.2
6720	Hazardous materials removal workers	31	20,834	4,704	4,704	22.6	22.6
6730	Highway maintenance workers	156	99,481	30,641	31,990	30.8	32.2
6740	Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	21	15,730	11,909	11,909	75.7	75.7
6750	Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners	14	8,909	2,116	2,400	23.8	26.9
6760	Miscellaneous construction and related workers	38	28,885	2,267	2,267	7.8	7.8
6800	Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining	56	36,350	1,482	2,046	4.1	5.6
6820	Earth drillers, except oil and gas	56	36,784	3,783	3,901	10.3	10.6
6830	Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	18	10,789	1,695	1,695	15.7	15.7
6840	Mining machine operators	94	49,999	8,134	8,134	16.3	16.3
6910	Roof bolters, mining	8	3,922	0	0	0.0	0.0
6920	Roustabouts, oil and gas	14	8,255	0	0	0.0	0.0
6930	Helpers--extraction workers	10	6,494	1,867	1,867	28.8	28.8
6940	Other extraction workers	89	47,492	2,295	2,295	4.8	4.8
	INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	6,184	4,667,862	778,003	811,870	16.7	17.4
7000	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers	430	302,929	37,206	37,478	12.3	12.4
7010	Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	386	299,533	22,048	25,693	7.4	8.6
7020	Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	273	204,063	65,693	66,433	32.2	32.6
7030	Avionics technicians	18	15,813	3,087	3,087	19.5	19.5
7040	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	31	20,133	3,743	3,821	18.6	19.0
7050	Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment	6	5,085	1,727	1,727	34.0	34.0
7100	Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility	29	18,878	2,768	2,904	14.7	15.4
7110	Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles	33	27,456	14,312	15,280	52.1	55.7
7120	Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers	62	55,639	3,203	3,203	5.8	5.8
7130	Security and fire alarm systems installers	60	52,542	3,853	4,753	7.3	9.0
7140	Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	185	148,829	41,394	41,815	27.8	28.1
7150	Automotive body and related repairers	164	127,266	5,567	5,567	4.4	4.4
7160	Automotive glass installers and repairers	28	25,916	0	0	0.0	0.0
7200	Automotive service technicians and mechanics	888	695,187	39,377	42,403	5.7	6.1
7210	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	470	336,675	75,951	77,258	22.6	22.9
7220	Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	308	205,946	47,752	49,348	23.2	24.0
7240	Small engine mechanics	73	50,118	1,566	1,731	3.1	3.5
7260	Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	96	80,189	1,090	1,090	1.4	1.4
7300	Control and valve installers and repairers	39	22,371	6,323	6,418	28.3	28.7
7310	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	413	325,138	49,471	52,051	15.2	16.0
7320	Home appliance repairers	48	35,471	1,560	1,560	4.4	4.4
7330	Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics	580	430,215	83,735	91,709	19.5	21.3
7340	Maintenance and repair workers, general	606	451,914	65,767	67,600	14.6	15.0
7350	Maintenance workers, machinery	56	42,208	10,800	10,800	25.6	25.6
7360	Millwrights	87	65,911	31,120	31,587	47.2	47.9
7410	Electrical power-line installers and repairers	148	100,163	54,325	56,619	54.2	56.5
7420	Telecommunications line installers and repairers	236	190,903	57,905	60,753	30.3	31.8
7430	Precision instrument and equipment repairers	56	47,391	6,125	6,125	12.9	12.9
7510	Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	52	35,639	3,228	3,228	9.1	9.1
7520	Commercial divers	4	3,105	0	0	0.0	0.0
7540	Locksmiths and safe repairers	30	21,910	6,697	6,697	30.6	30.6
7550	Manufactured building and mobile home installers	7	6,581	2,140	2,140	32.5	32.5
7560	Riggers	16	7,190	2,031	3,003	28.3	41.8
7600	Signal and track switch repairers	8	5,655	5,441	5,534	96.2	97.9
7610	Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	23	19,393	1,975	1,975	10.2	10.2
7620	Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers	235	184,506	19,019	20,478	10.3	11.1
	PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS	11,401	8,600,569	1,269,254	1,369,599	14.8	15.9
7700	First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers	1,102	822,742	74,247	80,597	9.0	9.8
7710	Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers	24	22,960	10,045	10,414	43.7	45.4
7720	Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	275	196,569	17,361	22,159	8.8	11.3
7730	Engine and other machine assemblers	22	13,852	3,610	3,610	26.1	26.1
7740	Structural metal fabricators and fitters	36	29,017	7,676	7,676	26.5	26.5
7750	Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators	1,300	1,026,274	173,202	183,859	16.9	17.9
7800	Bakers	280	199,890	18,199	20,166	9.1	10.1
7810	Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	450	325,322	70,060	73,542	21.5	22.6
7830	Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	17	12,112	0	0	0.0	0.0
7840	Food batchmakers	106	76,811	10,485	10,485	13.6	13.6
7850	Food cooking machine operators and tenders	8	5,417	955	955	17.6	17.6
7900	Computer control programmers and operators	92	66,215	9,292	9,747	14.0	14.7
7920	Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	11	8,511	0	0	0.0	0.0
7930	Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	11	10,308	3,360	3,360	32.6	32.6
7940	Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	20	15,424	2,702	2,702	17.5	17.5
7950	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	141	107,101	27,454	29,051	25.6	27.1
7960	Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	6	3,102	89	89	2.9	2.9
8000	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and pl	71	55,769	10,961	11,919	19.7	21.4
8010	Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	32	23,374	2,176	2,176	9.3	9.3
8020	Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	10	6,275	2,135	2,135	34.0	34.0
8030	Machinists	521	387,288	68,933	73,316	17.8	18.9
8040	Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders	28	24,679	9,310	9,310	37.7	37.7
8060	Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic	10	9,169	2,136	2,754	23.3	30.0
8100	Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	68	52,403	6,233	6,370	11.9	12.2
8120	Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	5	3,682	948	948	25.7	25.7
8130	Tool and die makers	83	67,352	15,031	16,001	22.3	23.8
8140	Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	787	553,948	107,693	113,506	19.4	20.5
8150	Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	14	11,697	1,827	1,827	15.6	15.6
8160	Lay-out workers, metal and plastic	12	9,072	2,464	2,464	27.2	27.2
8200	Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	21	12,241	1,914	1,914	15.6	15.6
8210	Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners	7	4,503	0	0	0.0	0.0
8220	Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other	438	362,129	56,891	65,440	15.7	18.1
8230	Bookbinders and bindery workers	49	32,764	6,298	7,235	19.2	22.1
8240	Job printers	55	39,210	2,777	2,777	7.1	7.1
8250	Prepress technicians and workers	63	46,070	3,647	4,315	7.9	9.4
8260	Printing machine operators	278	207,534	23,701	26,621	11.4	12.8
8300	Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	293	222,592	10,787	10,787	4.8	4.8
8310	Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	82	62,431	3,730	4,806	6.0	7.7
8320	Sewing machine operators	244	205,608	14,239	14,655	6.9	7.1
8330	Shoe and leather workers and repairers	7	3,605	0	0	0.0	0.0
8340	Shoe machine operators and tenders	7	3,198	842	842	26.3	26.3
8350	Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	50	40,033	3,037	3,037	7.6	7.6
8360	Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders	3	2,665	0	0	0.0	0.0
8400	Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders	7	3,894	0	0	0.0	0.0
8410	Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders	4	2,533	0	0	0.0	0.0
8420	Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders	14	13,013	139	865	1.1	6.6
8430	Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers	4	2,725	0	0	0.0	0.0
8440	Fabric and apparel patternmakers	2	1,856	0	0	0.0	0.0
8450	Upholsterers	37	33,776	0	1,197	0.0	3.5
8460	Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other	22	21,280	0	0	0.0	0.0
8500	Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	77	62,649	7,024	7,024	11.2	11.2
8510	Furniture finishers	18	12,513	927	927	7.4	7.4
8520	Model makers and patternmakers, wood	1	376	0	0	0.0	0.0
8530	Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	49	38,669	537	537	1.4	1.4
8540	Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	34	19,480	2,168	2,168	11.1	11.1
8550	Woodworkers, all other	26	19,162	1,560	1,560	8.1	8.1
8600	Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	88	54,245	21,703	21,792	40.0	40.2
8610	Stationary engineers and boiler operators	142	97,861	32,991	34,169	33.7	34.9
8620	Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators	103	74,590	30,009	30,413	40.2	40.8
8630	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	53	35,063	9,017	9,125	25.7	26.0
8640	Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	64	52,744	15,738	17,135	29.8	32.5
8650	Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	143	106,690	15,845	17,483	14.9	16.4
8710	Cutting workers	113	84,300	8,536	8,867	10.1	10.5
8720	Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	38	28,893	3,031	3,031	10.5	10.5
8730	Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	14	11,176	4,962	4,962	44.4	44.4
8740	Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	1,028	767,284	91,810	103,440	12.0	13.5
8750	Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	47	32,176	480	480	1.5	1.5
8760	Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians	114	88,110	2,418	3,318	2.7	3.8
8800	Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	356	256,191	37,677	42,066	14.7	16.4
8810	Painting workers	207	168,617	16,896	19,861	10.0	11.8
8830	Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	65	46,150	4,543	4,543	9.8	9.8
8840	Semiconductor processors	7	5,077	0	0	0.0	0.0
8850	Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders	17	9,435	969	969	10.3	10.3
8860	Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders	3	2,847	0	0	0.0	0.0
8900	Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders	1	707	707	707	100.0	100.0
8910	Etchers and engravers	7	5,183	132	132	2.6	2.6
8920	Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	41	33,667	3,522	4,431	10.5	13.2
8930	Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	60	43,799	12,019	14,504	27.4	33.1
8940	Tire builders	13	11,916	6,065	7,106	50.9	59.6
8950	Helpers--production workers	44	36,063	6,777	7,786	18.8	21.6
8960	Production workers, all other	1,199	924,945	144,608	155,437	15.6	16.8
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	10,855	8,201,625	1,491,053	1,598,709	18.2	19.5
9000	Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers	305	227,650	34,762	36,097	15.3	15.9
9030	Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	164	123,354	74,209	74,209	60.2	60.2
9040	Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	44	27,101	12,475	13,223	46.0	48.8
9110	Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	21	17,727	2,224	5,454	12.5	30.8
9120	Bus drivers	844	624,196	210,452	237,169	33.7	38.0
9130	Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	4,000	2,985,865	445,847	481,519	14.9	16.1
9140	Taxi drivers and chauffeurs	356	267,995	26,599	29,929	9.9	11.2
9150	Motor vehicle operators, all other	96	73,142	5,353	6,332	7.3	8.7
9200	Locomotive engineers and operators	91	52,801	41,070	41,173	77.8	78.0
9230	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	9	5,136	3,319	3,319	64.6	64.6
9240	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	87	54,972	44,280	45,085	80.6	82.0
9260	Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers	24	22,509	14,072	14,072	62.5	62.5
9300	Sailors and marine oilers	24	15,035	1,511	1,511	10.0	10.0
9310	Ship and boat captains and operators	52	36,402	4,418	4,551	12.1	12.5
9330	Ship engineers	9	3,926	590	590	15.0	15.0
9340	Bridge and lock tenders	12	8,221	1,437	1,437	17.5	17.5
9350	Parking lot attendants	86	75,984	9,152	10,179	12.0	13.4
9360	Service station attendants	113	86,104	5,353	5,353	6.2	6.2
9410	Transportation inspectors	51	44,266	17,395	17,395	39.3	39.3
9420	Other transportation workers	20	14,784	6,178	6,178	41.8	41.8
9500	Conveyor operators and tenders	11	6,813	470	470	6.9	6.9
9510	Crane and tower operators	90	70,058	30,546	32,584	43.6	46.5
9520	Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators	64	43,044	9,740	10,026	22.6	23.3
9560	Hoist and winch operators	9	4,147	951	951	22.9	22.9
9600	Industrial truck and tractor operators	664	575,182	98,072	101,945	17.1	17.7
9610	Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	387	302,654	22,634	23,867	7.5	7.9
9620	Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	2,445	1,852,606	292,738	314,931	15.8	17.0
9630	Machine feeders and offbearers	46	32,458	7,778	9,250	24.0	28.5
9640	Packers and packagers, hand	504	389,121	30,827	31,716	7.9	8.2
9650	Pumping station operators	39	24,703	4,700	4,700	19.0	19.0
9720	Refuse and recyclable material collectors	108	79,067	16,896	18,112	21.4	22.9
9730	Shuttle car operators	11	4,892	650	650	13.3	13.3
9740	Tank car, truck, and ship loaders	7	3,770	984	984	26.1	26.1
9750	Material moving workers, all other	62	45,939	13,369	13,746	29.1	29.9
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2008. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: COC=1990 Census occupation code
used in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are
union members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers
who are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2009 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.