Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by Occupation, 2009 (details in table note)
COC	Occupation (Standard Occupational Classification)	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
	MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS	23,555	16,977,747	821,558	996,616	4.8	5.9
10	Chief executives	1,584	1,162,006	22,140	31,967	1.9	2.8
20	General and operations managers	1,369	947,254	17,472	22,370	1.8	2.4
40	Advertising and promotions managers	82	64,033	986	2,311	1.5	3.6
50	Marketing and sales managers	1,211	903,284	11,823	14,132	1.3	1.6
60	Public relations managers	97	66,194	191	764	0.3	1.2
100	Administrative services managers	161	109,712	5,748	6,751	5.2	6.2
110	Computer and information systems managers	615	448,034	14,914	19,118	3.3	4.3
120	Financial managers	1,573	1,134,611	28,945	36,142	2.6	3.2
130	Human resources managers	404	292,369	6,819	7,802	2.3	2.7
140	Industrial production managers	340	236,790	4,942	7,121	2.1	3.0
150	Purchasing managers	258	186,911	8,106	10,020	4.3	5.4
160	Transportation, storage, and distribution managers	299	217,435	12,840	13,953	5.9	6.4
200	Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers	172	101,674	1,626	1,626	1.6	1.6
220	Construction managers	645	472,040	35,928	38,699	7.6	8.2
230	Education administrators	1,061	751,428	129,988	152,341	17.3	20.3
300	Engineering managers	156	117,879	954	1,286	0.8	1.1
310	Food service managers	889	687,379	5,380	9,280	0.8	1.4
320	Funeral directors	44	30,737	2,086	2,086	6.8	6.8
330	Gaming managers	37	18,247	2,316	2,316	12.7	12.7
340	Lodging managers	159	115,128	1,543	2,338	1.3	2.0
350	Medical and health services managers	728	512,702	26,304	36,292	5.1	7.1
360	Natural sciences managers	21	11,689	0	0	0.0	0.0
410	Property, real estate, and community association managers	502	388,626	7,821	12,233	2.0	3.1
420	Social and community service managers	536	331,864	13,236	14,553	4.0	4.4
430	Managers, all other	3,157	2,240,118	111,106	139,042	5.0	6.2
500	Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes	30	23,783	0	1,079	0.0	4.5
510	Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products	13	6,336	0	0	0.0	0.0
520	Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products	208	150,122	0	98	0.0	0.1
530	Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products	327	231,986	15,993	17,644	6.9	7.6
540	Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators	361	269,108	15,221	18,101	5.7	6.7
560	Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation	281	201,386	41,871	47,916	20.8	23.8
600	Cost estimators	151	111,393	8,335	8,335	7.5	7.5
620	Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists	1,166	831,258	74,915	80,099	9.0	9.6
700	Logisticians	83	61,107	3,278	6,418	5.4	10.5
710	Management analysts	611	419,114	17,306	24,863	4.1	5.9
720	Meeting and convention planners	63	45,375	1,244	1,244	2.7	2.7
730	Other business operations specialists	476	327,029	36,911	46,895	11.3	14.3
800	Accountants and auditors	2,079	1,558,162	60,932	73,193	3.9	4.7
810	Appraisers and assessors of real estate	88	63,038	6,943	6,943	11.0	11.0
820	Budget analysts	85	57,420	8,688	9,224	15.1	16.1
830	Credit analysts	43	25,264	1,262	1,262	5.0	5.0
840	Financial analysts	101	75,248	1,076	2,233	1.4	3.0
850	Personal financial advisors	398	328,056	5,995	7,646	1.8	2.3
860	Insurance underwriters	127	93,248	0	1,100	0.0	1.2
900	Financial examiners	11	7,380	3,045	3,121	41.3	42.3
910	Loan counselors and officers	470	337,660	6,410	8,626	1.9	2.6
930	Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents	99	74,379	31,691	37,662	42.6	50.6
940	Tax prepares	103	73,081	5,622	6,768	7.7	9.3
950	Financial specialists, all other	81	58,667	1,608	1,608	2.7	2.7
	PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	38,843	27,867,293	5,205,647	5,824,425	18.7	20.9
1000	Computer scientists and systems analysts	914	695,801	44,471	48,228	6.4	6.9
1010	Computer programmers	597	457,768	18,613	21,875	4.1	4.8
1020	Computer software engineers	1,223	924,966	20,715	29,295	2.2	3.2
1040	Computer support specialists	506	392,474	28,369	32,498	7.2	8.3
1060	Database administrators	137	101,520	9,456	11,337	9.3	11.2
1100	Network and computer systems administrators	293	206,033	9,434	12,299	4.6	6.0
1110	Network systems and data communications analysts	494	358,589	24,051	26,701	6.7	7.4
1200	Actuaries	29	21,433	1,942	1,942	9.1	9.1
1210	Mathematicians	4	3,749	0	0	0.0	0.0
1220	Operations research analysts	152	103,470	13,551	16,359	13.1	15.8
1230	Statisticians	52	35,841	4,207	4,843	11.7	13.5
1240	Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations	6	4,296	325	1,516	7.6	35.3
1300	Architects, except naval	207	143,459	5,098	5,250	3.6	3.7
1310	Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists	65	48,120	4,218	6,926	8.8	14.4
1320	Aerospace engineers	158	130,639	17,652	18,686	13.5	14.3
1330	Agricultural engineers	5	1,772	0	211	0.0	11.9
1340	Biomedical engineers	22	18,184	1,673	1,673	9.2	9.2
1350	Chemical engineers	79	61,802	3,233	3,233	5.2	5.2
1360	Civil engineers	449	303,890	27,739	31,045	9.1	10.2
1400	Computer hardware engineers	70	52,153	980	980	1.9	1.9
1410	Electrical and electronic engineers	382	294,638	17,343	20,700	5.9	7.0
1420	Environmental engineers	47	30,085	4,944	5,932	16.4	19.7
1430	Industrial engineers, including health and safety	235	181,641	16,109	17,259	8.9	9.5
1440	Marine engineers and naval architects	20	9,772	1,011	1,011	10.3	10.3
1450	Materials engineers	36	26,474	2,211	2,211	8.3	8.3
1460	Mechanical engineers	370	291,307	11,604	16,896	4.0	5.8
1500	Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers	18	10,039	657	657	6.5	6.5
1510	Nuclear engineers	18	12,513	0	188	0.0	1.5
1520	Petroleum engineers	25	18,943	0	156	0.0	0.8
1530	Engineers, all other	433	311,870	13,558	16,621	4.3	5.3
1540	Drafters	201	138,608	8,647	10,152	6.2	7.3
1550	Engineering technicians, except drafters	491	353,935	52,259	60,505	14.8	17.1
1560	Surveying and mapping technicians	95	72,603	4,856	7,398	6.7	10.2
1600	Agricultural and food scientists	53	29,525	1,122	1,228	3.8	4.2
1610	Biological scientists	164	101,081	10,510	13,474	10.4	13.3
1640	Conservation scientists and foresters	43	22,642	3,665	4,916	16.2	21.7
1650	Medical scientists	217	168,055	10,453	11,379	6.2	6.8
1700	Astronomers and physicists	15	11,208	0	0	0.0	0.0
1710	Atmospheric and space scientists	13	6,405	290	290	4.5	4.5
1720	Chemists and materials scientists	144	113,697	4,690	8,012	4.1	7.0
1740	Environmental scientists and geoscientists	151	90,709	6,872	7,414	7.6	8.2
1760	Physical scientists, all other	168	124,853	5,332	8,562	4.3	6.9
1800	Economists	64	32,825	4,765	5,393	14.5	16.4
1810	Market and survey researchers	132	89,825	1,734	2,340	1.9	2.6
1820	Psychologists	154	107,427	35,223	39,595	32.8	36.9
1830	Sociologists	1	966	966	966	100.0	100.0
1840	Urban and regional planners	39	26,176	4,371	4,371	16.7	16.7
1860	Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers	66	32,814	1,260	1,587	3.8	4.8
1900	Agricultural and food science technicians	39	29,931	5,080	5,080	17.0	17.0
1910	Biological technicians	35	22,476	1,566	1,566	7.0	7.0
1920	Chemical technicians	74	52,217	5,411	6,028	10.4	11.5
1930	Geological and petroleum technicians	23	14,202	1,788	1,788	12.6	12.6
1940	Nuclear technicians	3	1,680	0	0	0.0	0.0
1960	Other life, physical, and social science technicians	199	140,961	17,210	17,210	12.2	12.2
2000	Counselors	940	667,777	124,705	138,875	18.7	20.8
2010	Social workers	1,006	698,165	170,830	179,632	24.5	25.7
2020	Miscellaneous community and social service specialists	491	340,944	63,581	69,047	18.6	20.3
2040	Clergy	589	427,730	5,426	7,573	1.3	1.8
2050	Directors, religious activities and education	86	63,232	157	157	0.2	0.2
2060	Religious workers, all other	90	70,958	1,190	1,190	1.7	1.7
2100	Lawyers, Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers	1,121	760,346	53,647	65,423	7.1	8.6
2140	Paralegals and legal assistants	495	355,309	7,380	12,093	2.1	3.4
2150	Miscellaneous legal support workers	341	219,029	17,506	19,359	8.0	8.8
2200	Postsecondary teachers	1,926	1,303,624	226,167	258,644	17.3	19.8
2300	Preschool and kindergarten teachers	881	662,963	124,053	146,892	18.7	22.2
2310	Elementary and middle school teachers	3,845	2,820,155	1,448,498	1,581,003	51.4	56.1
2320	Secondary school teachers	1,707	1,230,397	684,154	750,708	55.6	61.0
2330	Special education teachers	556	374,455	222,692	242,057	59.5	64.6
2340	Other teachers and instructors	779	567,656	38,650	45,890	6.8	8.1
2400	Archivists, curators, and museum technicians	82	39,435	6,502	7,595	16.5	19.3
2430	Librarians	320	202,746	50,575	58,192	24.9	28.7
2440	Library technicians	73	48,157	11,427	14,175	23.7	29.4
2540	Teacher assistants	1,422	986,912	343,975	376,992	34.9	38.2
2550	Other education, training, and library workers	125	81,698	15,587	20,760	19.1	25.4
2600	Artists and related workers	96	80,386	4,539	4,539	5.6	5.6
2630	Designers	725	546,158	21,725	25,709	4.0	4.7
2700	Actors	19	16,588	5,088	5,088	30.7	30.7
2710	Producers and directors	130	97,759	13,184	13,723	13.5	14.0
2720	Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers	302	229,206	25,450	30,586	11.1	13.3
2740	Dancers and choreographers	16	11,962	0	0	0.0	0.0
2750	Musicians, singers, and related workers	95	74,830	3,272	5,191	4.4	6.9
2760	Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other	31	24,378	3,971	4,440	16.3	18.2
2800	Announcers	51	36,770	0	279	0.0	0.8
2810	News analysts, reporters and correspondents	111	69,899	5,405	6,063	7.7	8.7
2820	Public relations specialists	185	117,635	9,052	9,395	7.7	8.0
2830	Editors	209	138,508	10,696	13,046	7.7	9.4
2840	Technical writers	73	44,269	0	0	0.0	0.0
2850	Writers and authors	136	88,931	2,745	3,873	3.1	4.4
2860	Miscellaneous media and communication workers	97	73,822	12,808	14,331	17.3	19.4
2900	Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators	104	77,473	10,603	11,600	13.7	15.0
2910	Photographers	103	81,681	2,091	2,091	2.6	2.6
2920	Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors	43	30,232	5,184	6,843	17.1	22.6
2960	Media and communication equipment workers, all other	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0
3000	Chiropractors	17	11,832	0	0	0.0	0.0
3010	Dentists	71	57,458	3,174	3,174	5.5	5.5
3030	Dietitians and nutritionists	118	88,721	12,933	15,225	14.6	17.2
3040	Optometrists	17	10,181	1,062	1,062	10.4	10.4
3050	Pharmacists	335	255,222	15,046	20,029	5.9	7.8
3060	Physicians and surgeons	933	679,927	39,230	58,845	5.8	8.7
3110	Physician assistants	135	85,629	7,020	8,839	8.2	10.3
3120	Podiatrists	13	12,383	2,252	2,252	18.2	18.2
3130	Registered nurses	3,923	2,757,484	512,830	569,262	18.6	20.6
3140	Audiologists	19	15,390	892	1,292	5.8	8.4
3150	Occupational therapists	136	97,320	13,057	19,666	13.4	20.2
3160	Physical therapists	236	153,402	9,587	12,812	6.2	8.4
3200	Radiation therapists	23	17,286	1,438	1,438	8.3	8.3
3210	Recreational therapists	27	21,628	6,826	6,826	31.6	31.6
3220	Respiratory therapists	160	114,759	11,820	12,954	10.3	11.3
3230	Speech-language pathologists	170	117,584	47,658	49,791	40.5	42.3
3240	Therapists, all other	132	98,110	2,115	3,239	2.2	3.3
3250	Veterinarians	64	43,799	1,132	1,814	2.6	4.1
3260	Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other	8	7,563	0	0	0.0	0.0
3300	Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians	470	356,843	36,925	42,408	10.3	11.9
3310	Dental hygienists	205	131,494	2,956	4,090	2.2	3.1
3320	Diagnostic related technologists and technicians	460	337,318	34,401	39,278	10.2	11.6
3400	Emergency medical technicians and paramedics	216	158,289	44,152	46,311	27.9	29.3
3410	Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians	619	462,031	52,304	53,547	11.3	11.6
3500	Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses	828	631,135	73,106	83,923	11.6	13.3
3510	Medical records and health information technicians	158	111,350	9,857	12,650	8.9	11.4
3520	Opticians, dispensing	64	41,912	2,550	3,721	6.1	8.9
3530	Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians	181	141,142	6,524	7,756	4.6	5.5
3540	Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	74	49,865	11,052	13,386	22.2	26.8
3600	Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides	2,631	1,936,515	240,103	266,928	12.4	13.8
3610	Occupational therapist assistants and aides	19	13,704	916	2,580	6.7	18.8
3620	Physical therapist assistants and aides	104	76,157	3,694	3,813	4.9	5.0
3630	Massage therapists	105	78,667	0	1,007	0.0	1.3
3640	Dental assistants	385	280,981	1,439	1,439	0.5	0.5
3650	Medical assistants and other healthcare support occupations	1,048	773,057	71,193	77,171	9.2	10.0
	SERVICE OCCUPATIONS	29,918	22,363,920	2,588,408	2,829,822	11.6	12.7
3700	First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers	74	53,623	21,300	24,190	39.7	45.1
3710	First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives	135	100,081	41,138	47,098	41.1	47.1
3720	First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers	71	55,092	33,344	34,192	60.5	62.1
3730	Supervisors, protective service workers, all other	119	89,053	8,742	9,771	9.8	11.0
3740	Fire fighters	378	279,151	202,357	208,492	72.5	74.7
3750	Fire inspectors	26	18,496	11,332	11,430	61.3	61.8
3800	Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers	556	440,993	202,802	213,928	46.0	48.5
3820	Detectives and criminal investigators	169	132,682	53,268	58,951	40.1	44.4
3830	Fish and game wardens	8	5,021	2,823	2,823	56.2	56.2
3840	Parking enforcement workers	11	7,858	3,774	4,128	48.0	52.5
3850	Police and sheriff's patrol officers	864	694,525	398,926	416,675	57.4	60.0
3860	Transit and railroad police	4	3,555	149	149	4.2	4.2
3900	Animal control workers	16	11,397	5,581	5,581	49.0	49.0
3910	Private detectives and investigators	94	69,423	9,334	10,463	13.4	15.1
3920	Security guards and gaming surveillance officers	1,147	923,509	93,971	104,397	10.2	11.3
3940	Crossing guards	90	67,904	13,905	17,364	20.5	25.6
3950	Lifeguards and other protective service workers	224	167,477	7,868	10,236	4.7	6.1
4000	Chefs and head cooks	454	342,188	12,266	15,114	3.6	4.4
4010	First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers	740	551,757	25,576	29,650	4.6	5.4
4020	Cooks	2,584	1,938,807	90,486	108,603	4.7	5.6
4030	Food preparation workers	1,016	749,171	45,057	47,752	6.0	6.4
4040	Bartenders	544	382,931	13,282	14,696	3.5	3.8
4050	Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food	496	343,911	36,166	40,543	10.5	11.8
4060	Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop	387	270,911	5,870	7,776	2.2	2.9
4110	Waiters and waitresses	2,642	2,026,215	41,631	53,080	2.1	2.6
4120	Food servers, nonrestaurant	215	171,408	17,987	21,060	10.5	12.3
4130	Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers	438	316,729	30,469	31,509	9.6	9.9
4140	Dishwashers	371	260,355	11,122	13,505	4.3	5.2
4150	Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop	353	256,997	4,396	5,651	1.7	2.2
4160	Food preparation and serving related workers, all other	11	9,279	0	0	0.0	0.0
4200	First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers	255	183,977	17,603	17,603	9.6	9.6
4210	First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers	129	100,658	7,218	10,655	7.2	10.6
4220	Janitors and building cleaners	2,820	2,035,604	343,774	372,772	16.9	18.3
4230	Maids and housekeeping cleaners	1,784	1,317,153	98,514	109,830	7.5	8.3
4240	Pest control workers	64	46,620	2,150	2,150	4.6	4.6
4250	Grounds maintenance workers	1,197	907,667	51,263	56,592	5.6	6.2
4300	First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers	155	100,317	1,262	1,262	1.3	1.3
4320	First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers	104	78,429	2,124	2,124	2.7	2.7
4340	Animal trainers	27	18,861	0	0	0.0	0.0
4350	Nonfarm animal caretakers	152	113,816	4,341	4,612	3.8	4.1
4400	Gaming services workers	178	118,373	8,587	8,587	7.3	7.3
4410	Motion picture projectionists	13	7,469	1,279	1,279	17.1	17.1
4420	Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers	56	42,965	1,982	1,982	4.6	4.6
4430	Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers	227	156,594	9,982	10,915	6.4	7.0
4460	Funeral service workers	15	8,014	0	0	0.0	0.0
4500	Barbers	38	37,399	0	0	0.0	0.0
4510	Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists	620	489,308	5,575	7,398	1.1	1.5
4520	Miscellaneous personal appearance workers	244	202,306	4,575	5,574	2.3	2.8
4530	Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges	103	75,937	15,126	18,551	19.9	24.4
4540	Tour and travel guides	49	24,769	1,505	1,505	6.1	6.1
4550	Transportation attendants	165	136,763	80,040	83,778	58.5	61.3
4600	Child care workers	1,198	899,423	46,988	54,762	5.2	6.1
4610	Personal and home care aides	1,157	877,291	88,422	95,591	10.1	10.9
4620	Recreation and fitness workers	435	325,543	7,308	9,806	2.2	3.0
4640	Residential advisors	84	74,859	17,613	20,750	23.5	27.7
4650	Personal care and service workers, all other	120	84,224	8,912	9,999	10.6	11.9
	SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS	17,854	13,331,012	411,415	479,731	3.1	3.6
4700	First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers	3,478	2,472,407	104,793	119,197	4.2	4.8
4710	First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers	1,143	864,657	13,227	15,488	1.5	1.8
4720	Cashiers	4,072	3,055,253	161,080	176,563	5.3	5.8
4740	Counter and rental clerks	191	154,307	5,086	5,086	3.3	3.3
4750	Parts salespersons	140	103,068	2,536	2,801	2.5	2.7
4760	Retail salespersons	3,996	3,034,837	43,368	54,064	1.4	1.8
4800	Advertising sales agents	251	192,078	1,948	1,948	1.0	1.0
4810	Insurance sales agents	616	438,221	4,488	11,150	1.0	2.5
4820	Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents	336	273,451	3,680	4,633	1.3	1.7
4830	Travel agents	81	60,440	544	544	0.9	0.9
4840	Sales representatives, services, all other	577	455,109	23,640	30,224	5.2	6.6
4850	Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing	1,594	1,206,328	17,839	22,490	1.5	1.9
4900	Models, demonstrators, and product promoters	66	49,940	1,071	1,071	2.1	2.1
4920	Real estate brokers and sales agents	632	472,170	15,292	17,971	3.2	3.8
4930	Sales engineers	39	30,981	0	676	0.0	2.2
4940	Telemarketers	155	108,465	905	2,146	0.8	2.0
4950	Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers	154	120,639	1,976	3,480	1.6	2.9
4960	Sales and related workers, all other	333	238,661	9,943	10,197	4.2	4.3
	OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS	24,232	17,666,829	1,819,813	2,019,271	10.3	11.4
5000	First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers	2,139	1,588,980	89,201	102,198	5.6	6.4
5010	Switchboard operators, including answering service	70	49,780	5,437	7,025	10.9	14.1
5020	Telephone operators	60	43,896	3,965	4,294	9.0	9.8
5030	Communications equipment operators, all other	17	14,231	1,607	1,607	11.3	11.3
5100	Bill and account collectors	296	198,812	8,586	8,586	4.3	4.3
5110	Billing and posting clerks and machine operators	631	469,340	24,479	28,056	5.2	6.0
5120	Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks	1,684	1,140,323	47,544	55,443	4.2	4.9
5130	Gaming cage workers	16	9,241	1,233	1,348	13.3	14.6
5140	Payroll and timekeeping clerks	187	139,150	17,174	19,133	12.3	13.8
5150	Procurement clerks	30	21,484	3,333	3,333	15.5	15.5
5160	Tellers	594	440,351	5,848	6,193	1.3	1.4
5200	Brokerage clerks	6	5,033	0	0	0.0	0.0
5210	Correspondence clerks	15	6,658	1,017	2,173	15.3	32.6
5220	Court, municipal, and license clerks	140	100,786	34,824	36,398	34.6	36.1
5230	Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks	75	49,098	0	0	0.0	0.0
5240	Customer service representatives	2,509	1,874,742	113,549	130,923	6.1	7.0
5250	Eligibility interviewers, government programs	85	61,048	23,096	24,571	37.8	40.2
5260	File Clerks	428	314,458	40,813	41,503	13.0	13.2
5300	Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks	215	146,259	5,378	6,715	3.7	4.6
5310	Interviewers, except eligibility and loan	200	139,270	11,318	11,577	8.1	8.3
5320	Library assistants, clerical	173	124,224	16,452	19,189	13.2	15.4
5330	Loan interviewers and clerks	154	108,966	1,318	1,999	1.2	1.8
5340	New accounts clerks	39	25,966	0	0	0.0	0.0
5350	Order clerks	132	102,179	7,122	8,464	7.0	8.3
5360	Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping	61	43,954	7,988	7,988	18.2	18.2
5400	Receptionists and information clerks	1,760	1,285,361	64,397	75,074	5.0	5.8
5410	Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks	158	105,470	25,204	26,372	23.9	25.0
5420	Information and record clerks, all other	138	103,203	11,370	16,839	11.0	16.3
5500	Cargo and freight agents	26	21,925	4,189	4,189	19.1	19.1
5510	Couriers and messengers	295	233,459	49,268	51,610	21.1	22.1
5520	Dispatchers	373	265,993	48,608	52,296	18.3	19.7
5530	Meter readers, utilities	54	42,370	14,180	14,180	33.5	33.5
5540	Postal service clerks	211	163,113	105,223	111,670	64.5	68.5
5550	Postal service mail carriers	496	365,033	248,676	267,180	68.1	73.2
5560	Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators	109	79,995	51,477	57,049	64.4	71.3
5600	Production, planning, and expediting clerks	378	265,854	24,152	27,510	9.1	10.3
5610	Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks	609	463,593	45,834	48,761	9.9	10.5
5620	Stock clerks and order fillers	1,833	1,397,474	157,156	170,137	11.2	12.2
5630	Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping	76	57,326	11,145	11,145	19.4	19.4
5700	Secretaries and administrative assistants	4,298	3,024,369	236,052	275,054	7.8	9.1
5800	Computer operators	149	114,150	10,122	11,517	8.9	10.1
5810	Data entry keyers	480	356,115	33,677	36,787	9.5	10.3
5820	Word processors and typists	209	156,983	36,612	39,656	23.3	25.3
5830	Desktop publishers	4	2,419	124	124	5.1	5.1
5840	Insurance claims and policy processing clerks	330	245,716	4,824	4,824	2.0	2.0
5850	Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service	139	95,832	13,350	15,151	13.9	15.8
5860	Office clerks, general	1,326	1,009,100	108,614	119,914	10.8	11.9
5900	Office machine operators, except computer	62	45,962	4,730	4,730	10.3	10.3
5910	Proofreaders and copy markers	10	6,840	856	856	12.5	12.5
5920	Statistical assistants	23	17,527	2,172	2,172	12.4	12.4
5930	Office and administrative support workers, all other	730	523,417	36,517	45,758	7.0	8.7
	FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS	1,256	880,102	24,303	25,800	2.8	2.9
6000	First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers	52	37,072	1,534	1,534	4.1	4.1
6010	Agricultural inspectors	28	18,190	7,948	7,948	43.7	43.7
6020	Animal breeders	2	1,235	0	0	0.0	0.0
6040	Graders and sorters, agricultural products	103	77,873	6,124	6,124	7.9	7.9
6050	Miscellaneous agricultural workers	957	674,928	4,138	4,781	0.6	0.7
6100	Fishers and related fishing workers	26	10,124	118	971	1.2	9.6
6110	Hunters and trappers	1	1,034	0	0	0.0	0.0
6120	Forest and conservation workers	25	17,132	2,284	2,284	13.3	13.3
6130	Logging workers	62	42,514	2,158	2,158	5.1	5.1
	CONSTRUCTION AND EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS	7,733	5,819,964	1,220,406	1,268,574	21.0	21.8
6200	First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers	761	549,620	101,965	103,553	18.6	18.8
6210	Boilermakers	31	22,619	7,511	9,843	33.2	43.5
6220	Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons	154	118,480	24,653	25,880	20.8	21.8
6230	Carpenters	1,078	805,250	151,720	156,033	18.8	19.4
6240	Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers	169	154,780	11,267	12,715	7.3	8.2
6250	Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers	77	60,752	9,104	9,104	15.0	15.0
6260	Construction laborers	1,375	1,127,007	163,385	173,915	14.5	15.4
6300	Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators	25	16,955	3,813	3,813	22.5	22.5
6310	Pile-driver operators	4	4,029	1,101	1,101	27.3	27.3
6320	Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	540	333,584	92,958	95,010	27.9	28.5
6330	Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers	170	132,079	20,802	22,060	15.7	16.7
6350	Electricians	913	671,583	232,974	240,689	34.7	35.8
6360	Glaziers	53	39,235	4,762	4,762	12.1	12.1
6400	Insulation workers	43	29,176	7,610	8,714	26.1	29.9
6420	Painters, construction and maintenance	411	355,566	30,056	30,937	8.5	8.7
6430	Paperhangers	2	2,039	936	936	45.9	45.9
6440	Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters	592	435,668	140,385	146,078	32.2	33.5
6460	Plasterers and stucco masons	30	27,698	2,789	2,789	10.1	10.1
6500	Reinforcing iron and rebar workers	10	8,800	4,135	4,135	47.0	47.0
6510	Roofers	211	180,483	12,481	12,481	6.9	6.9
6520	Sheet metal workers	173	133,273	47,120	47,682	35.4	35.8
6530	Structural iron and steel workers	72	55,648	22,984	22,984	41.3	41.3
6600	Helpers, construction trades	80	68,107	4,698	5,677	6.9	8.3
6660	Construction and building inspectors	114	77,059	15,835	19,333	20.5	25.1
6700	Elevator installers and repairers	41	34,891	21,587	21,587	61.9	61.9
6710	Fence erectors	34	27,146	860	860	3.2	3.2
6720	Hazardous materials removal workers	43	30,372	7,100	7,100	23.4	23.4
6730	Highway maintenance workers	168	112,388	45,271	45,526	40.3	40.5
6740	Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators	16	12,394	7,580	8,597	61.2	69.4
6750	Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners	9	6,557	1,935	2,447	29.5	37.3
6760	Miscellaneous construction and related workers	33	30,350	1,508	1,508	5.0	5.0
6800	Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining	48	23,535	1,703	1,947	7.2	8.3
6820	Earth drillers, except oil and gas	25	14,689	1,240	1,240	8.4	8.4
6830	Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters	13	10,525	488	488	4.6	4.6
6840	Mining machine operators	102	52,033	12,694	13,180	24.4	25.3
6910	Roof bolters, mining	9	4,665	416	416	8.9	8.9
6920	Roustabouts, oil and gas	14	4,951	0	0	0.0	0.0
6930	Helpers--extraction workers	9	5,739	0	477	0.0	8.3
6940	Other extraction workers	81	40,240	2,980	2,980	7.4	7.4
	INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OCCUPATIONS	6,111	4,531,323	744,119	793,359	16.4	17.5
7000	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers	472	322,754	42,090	45,986	13.0	14.2
7010	Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers	398	312,147	21,796	24,400	7.0	7.8
7020	Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers	216	157,304	51,435	53,440	32.7	34.0
7030	Avionics technicians	18	13,816	716	716	5.2	5.2
7040	Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers	45	31,505	6,261	6,375	19.9	20.2
7050	Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment	8	6,984	1,634	1,634	23.4	23.4
7100	Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility	21	12,823	6,063	6,063	47.3	47.3
7110	Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles	26	20,132	8,757	8,757	43.5	43.5
7120	Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers	68	61,124	2,396	2,396	3.9	3.9
7130	Security and fire alarm systems installers	82	61,598	6,658	6,658	10.8	10.8
7140	Aircraft mechanics and service technicians	156	130,448	41,706	46,315	32.0	35.5
7150	Automotive body and related repairers	179	137,248	4,754	6,016	3.5	4.4
7160	Automotive glass installers and repairers	28	21,048	0	0	0.0	0.0
7200	Automotive service technicians and mechanics	883	667,133	41,303	47,720	6.2	7.2
7210	Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists	434	313,844	74,872	80,633	23.9	25.7
7220	Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics	342	213,451	46,356	49,570	21.7	23.2
7240	Small engine mechanics	72	46,600	3,589	3,589	7.7	7.7
7260	Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers	109	87,622	535	820	0.6	0.9
7300	Control and valve installers and repairers	41	25,799	10,481	12,129	40.6	47.0
7310	Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers	400	325,272	51,518	53,501	15.8	16.4
7320	Home appliance repairers	48	37,684	1,186	1,186	3.1	3.1
7330	Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics	549	412,167	94,012	97,471	22.8	23.6
7340	Maintenance and repair workers, general	573	407,024	57,707	61,980	14.2	15.2
7350	Maintenance workers, machinery	49	34,569	7,770	7,770	22.5	22.5
7360	Millwrights	68	50,081	19,811	21,323	39.6	42.6
7410	Electrical power-line installers and repairers	178	129,813	56,916	59,304	43.8	45.7
7420	Telecommunications line installers and repairers	231	184,101	40,673	41,764	22.1	22.7
7430	Precision instrument and equipment repairers	67	48,201	10,176	11,251	21.1	23.3
7510	Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers	57	38,652	4,253	4,253	11.0	11.0
7520	Commercial divers	5	3,566	0	0	0.0	0.0
7540	Locksmiths and safe repairers	32	25,720	2,690	2,690	10.5	10.5
7550	Manufactured building and mobile home installers	4	3,774	0	0	0.0	0.0
7560	Riggers	15	5,998	3,687	3,687	61.5	61.5
7600	Signal and track switch repairers	8	5,930	5,930	5,930	100.0	100.0
7610	Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers	26	24,551	1,465	1,465	6.0	6.0
7620	Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers	203	150,839	14,923	16,568	9.9	11.0
	PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS	9,886	7,309,296	1,081,645	1,164,138	14.8	15.9
7700	First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers	956	711,677	65,718	73,955	9.2	10.4
7710	Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers	24	16,990	4,896	4,896	28.8	28.8
7720	Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers	183	140,717	18,236	19,752	13.0	14.0
7730	Engine and other machine assemblers	22	16,974	3,347	3,347	19.7	19.7
7740	Structural metal fabricators and fitters	24	18,143	6,384	6,384	35.2	35.2
7750	Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators	1,073	836,080	130,404	140,457	15.6	16.8
7800	Bakers	235	172,319	22,190	25,078	12.9	14.6
7810	Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers	399	287,646	62,625	66,412	21.8	23.1
7830	Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders	18	12,712	4,353	4,353	34.2	34.2
7840	Food batchmakers	105	74,502	9,371	9,906	12.6	13.3
7850	Food cooking machine operators and tenders	12	6,787	1,486	1,486	21.9	21.9
7900	Computer control programmers and operators	89	67,218	7,221	7,221	10.7	10.7
7920	Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	7	4,253	852	852	20.0	20.0
7930	Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	15	11,151	5,413	5,413	48.5	48.5
7940	Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	15	9,954	4,472	4,472	44.9	44.9
7950	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	102	78,955	17,473	19,248	22.1	24.4
7960	Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	8	4,978	431	431	8.7	8.7
8000	Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and pl	56	44,082	11,987	12,380	27.2	28.1
8010	Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	23	16,512	2,503	2,503	15.2	15.2
8020	Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	8	4,607	1,426	1,532	31.0	33.2
8030	Machinists	501	360,955	56,424	59,612	15.6	16.5
8040	Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders	25	19,020	3,803	4,872	20.0	25.6
8060	Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic	8	4,539	2,532	2,532	55.8	55.8
8100	Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	47	36,989	4,891	4,891	13.2	13.2
8120	Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	14	8,235	2,238	2,238	27.2	27.2
8130	Tool and die makers	63	48,387	13,100	14,897	27.1	30.8
8140	Welding, soldering, and brazing workers	623	440,133	85,808	94,184	19.5	21.4
8150	Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	9	6,745	0	0	0.0	0.0
8160	Lay-out workers, metal and plastic	11	6,367	2,197	2,197	34.5	34.5
8200	Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	15	11,115	0	0	0.0	0.0
8210	Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners	6	3,874	0	0	0.0	0.0
8220	Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other	344	276,682	53,034	53,171	19.2	19.2
8230	Bookbinders and bindery workers	36	23,272	1,409	1,409	6.1	6.1
8240	Job printers	66	43,506	3,797	3,797	8.7	8.7
8250	Prepress technicians and workers	56	44,093	6,221	7,275	14.1	16.5
8260	Printing machine operators	217	158,781	21,833	21,981	13.8	13.8
8300	Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	266	183,928	15,271	16,499	8.3	9.0
8310	Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials	71	56,316	2,943	2,943	5.2	5.2
8320	Sewing machine operators	211	166,526	7,518	8,112	4.5	4.9
8330	Shoe and leather workers and repairers	9	5,589	131	131	2.3	2.3
8340	Shoe machine operators and tenders	8	4,563	701	701	15.4	15.4
8350	Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers	56	45,164	887	887	2.0	2.0
8360	Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders	3	2,358	564	564	23.9	23.9
8400	Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders	10	5,975	0	0	0.0	0.0
8410	Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders	6	3,931	0	0	0.0	0.0
8420	Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders	15	15,580	0	0	0.0	0.0
8430	Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers	1	1,220	0	0	0.0	0.0
8440	Fabric and apparel patternmakers	5	3,831	0	0	0.0	0.0
8450	Upholsterers	45	38,222	1,675	1,675	4.4	4.4
8460	Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other	16	10,874	0	0	0.0	0.0
8500	Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters	49	33,864	1,364	1,364	4.0	4.0
8510	Furniture finishers	14	9,915	0	0	0.0	0.0
8520	Model makers and patternmakers, wood	1	386	0	0	0.0	0.0
8530	Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	41	29,425	2,989	3,101	10.2	10.5
8540	Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	35	25,741	1,100	2,281	4.3	8.9
8550	Woodworkers, all other	25	15,461	0	0	0.0	0.0
8600	Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers	64	37,584	14,827	16,482	39.5	43.9
8610	Stationary engineers and boiler operators	150	99,757	35,710	37,147	35.8	37.2
8620	Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators	104	72,336	23,706	25,450	32.8	35.2
8630	Miscellaneous plant and system operators	66	42,979	11,133	11,133	25.9	25.9
8640	Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders	72	49,739	15,541	15,697	31.2	31.6
8650	Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers	134	104,418	10,945	11,869	10.5	11.4
8710	Cutting workers	111	80,317	13,749	14,689	17.1	18.3
8720	Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders	43	30,821	5,727	6,242	18.6	20.3
8730	Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders	14	11,718	2,933	2,933	25.0	25.0
8740	Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	828	587,542	74,736	82,647	12.7	14.1
8750	Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers	34	25,259	0	0	0.0	0.0
8760	Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians	116	89,869	1,591	1,591	1.8	1.8
8800	Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	333	221,486	26,912	30,463	12.2	13.8
8810	Painting workers	204	156,468	15,104	18,856	9.7	12.1
8830	Photographic process workers and processing machine operators	69	50,971	2,097	2,097	4.1	4.1
8840	Semiconductor processors	4	2,362	0	0	0.0	0.0
8850	Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders	17	14,533	2,545	2,545	17.5	17.5
8860	Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders	10	7,307	2,847	2,847	39.0	39.0
8900	Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders	5	3,066	1,829	1,829	59.6	59.6
8910	Etchers and engravers	12	7,441	406	406	5.5	5.5
8920	Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic	43	29,456	2,638	2,638	9.0	9.0
8930	Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	52	39,894	12,851	15,095	32.2	37.8
8940	Tire builders	21	20,489	5,888	5,888	28.7	28.7
8950	Helpers--production workers	51	36,118	6,512	7,298	18.0	20.2
8960	Production workers, all other	1,027	799,549	118,198	126,901	14.8	15.9
	TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING OCCUPATIONS	10,339	7,742,386	1,409,971	1,501,866	18.2	19.4
9000	Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers	270	206,392	24,096	27,615	11.7	13.4
9030	Aircraft pilots and flight engineers	160	119,044	69,522	71,572	58.4	60.1
9040	Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists	42	30,710	20,080	20,640	65.4	67.2
9110	Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians	13	11,286	1,127	1,127	10.0	10.0
9120	Bus drivers	888	663,188	207,670	226,611	31.3	34.2
9130	Driver/sales workers and truck drivers	3,809	2,802,029	375,966	396,285	13.4	14.1
9140	Taxi drivers and chauffeurs	362	281,394	23,605	24,911	8.4	8.9
9150	Motor vehicle operators, all other	79	54,147	3,189	4,082	5.9	7.5
9200	Locomotive engineers and operators	87	55,772	41,083	42,110	73.7	75.5
9230	Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators	7	4,826	1,734	1,734	35.9	35.9
9240	Railroad conductors and yardmasters	79	51,352	41,333	43,016	80.5	83.8
9260	Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers	15	11,864	6,677	6,677	56.3	56.3
9300	Sailors and marine oilers	25	19,243	4,614	4,614	24.0	24.0
9310	Ship and boat captains and operators	42	29,648	6,422	6,422	21.7	21.7
9330	Ship engineers	9	6,434	3,955	3,955	61.5	61.5
9340	Bridge and lock tenders	4	3,008	1,380	2,430	45.9	80.8
9350	Parking lot attendants	110	91,726	9,488	9,488	10.3	10.3
9360	Service station attendants	124	82,549	5,269	6,568	6.4	8.0
9410	Transportation inspectors	67	48,422	21,514	23,130	44.4	47.8
9420	Other transportation workers	24	18,247	4,121	5,666	22.6	31.1
9500	Conveyor operators and tenders	8	8,304	1,901	1,901	22.9	22.9
9510	Crane and tower operators	84	61,675	26,802	27,673	43.5	44.9
9520	Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators	58	34,536	6,870	7,160	19.9	20.7
9560	Hoist and winch operators	6	4,557	1,772	1,772	38.9	38.9
9600	Industrial truck and tractor operators	608	511,975	74,925	80,699	14.6	15.8
9610	Cleaners of vehicles and equipment	372	284,220	15,013	15,927	5.3	5.6
9620	Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand	2,263	1,695,037	314,827	335,561	18.6	19.8
9630	Machine feeders and offbearers	47	30,870	8,430	8,546	27.3	27.7
9640	Packers and packagers, hand	473	364,307	48,828	55,050	13.4	15.1
9650	Pumping station operators	48	28,829	3,314	4,479	11.5	15.5
9720	Refuse and recyclable material collectors	87	69,877	16,598	16,598	23.8	23.8
9730	Shuttle car operators	5	3,489	962	962	27.6	27.6
9740	Tank car, truck, and ship loaders	4	4,194	1,448	1,448	34.5	34.5
9750	Material moving workers, all other	60	49,236	15,437	15,437	31.4	31.4
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2009. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: COC=1990 Census occupation code
used in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are
union members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers
who are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2010 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.