Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State, 1988 (details in table note)
State
Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
63	Alabama	Total	2,121	1,554,867	220,543	249,440	14.2	16.0
63	Alabama	Private	1,685	1,234,548	144,065	157,338	11.7	12.7
63	Alabama	Public	436	320,318	76,478	92,102	23.9	28.8
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	115	83,578	10,882	10,882	13.0	13.0
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	489	354,019	86,685	92,285	24.5	26.1
94	Alaska	Total	2,497	185,979	45,145	49,869	24.3	26.8
94	Alaska	Private	1,702	125,096	16,879	19,179	13.5	15.3
94	Alaska	Public	795	60,882	28,266	30,690	46.4	50.4
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	103	7,464	2,382	2,717	31.9	36.4
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	77	5,623	924	924	16.4	16.4
86	Arizona	Total	1,840	1,363,442	94,288	117,975	6.9	8.7
86	Arizona	Private	1,539	1,138,642	55,739	64,245	4.9	5.6
86	Arizona	Public	301	224,800	38,549	53,730	17.1	23.9
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	126	95,631	13,056	13,798	13.7	14.4
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	256	191,088	9,396	10,742	4.9	5.6
71	Arkansas	Total	2,176	892,417	85,601	104,704	9.6	11.7
71	Arkansas	Private	1,787	734,000	59,415	74,600	8.1	10.2
71	Arkansas	Public	389	158,417	26,186	30,104	16.5	19.0
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	104	42,207	2,806	2,806	6.6	6.6
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	516	214,683	41,017	52,616	19.1	24.5
93	California	Total	9,679	11,642,848	2,150,115	2,510,460	18.5	21.6
93	California	Private	8,067	9,770,353	1,257,397	1,397,428	12.9	14.3
93	California	Public	1,612	1,872,495	892,718	1,113,032	47.7	59.4
93	California	Priv. Construction	515	634,134	165,807	180,801	26.1	28.5
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,855	2,321,150	361,384	395,719	15.6	17.0
84	Colorado	Total	1,917	1,390,723	146,191	172,760	10.5	12.4
84	Colorado	Private	1,536	1,117,032	80,004	93,153	7.2	8.3
84	Colorado	Public	381	273,691	66,187	79,607	24.2	29.1
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	80	57,462	11,336	11,336	19.7	19.7
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	284	201,947	21,491	24,289	10.6	12.0
16	Connecticut	Total	1,929	1,543,668	299,499	316,561	19.4	20.5
16	Connecticut	Private	1,684	1,348,649	175,722	186,591	13.0	13.8
16	Connecticut	Public	245	195,018	123,777	129,971	63.5	66.6
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	114	90,432	22,265	22,265	24.6	24.6
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	499	391,776	73,993	78,605	18.9	20.1
51	Delaware	Total	2,065	310,679	48,641	52,080	15.7	16.8
51	Delaware	Private	1,758	264,862	28,639	30,451	10.8	11.5
51	Delaware	Public	307	45,817	20,002	21,628	43.7	47.2
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	111	17,369	2,501	2,681	14.4	15.4
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	429	64,663	14,211	14,633	22.0	22.6
53	D.C.	Total	1,992	296,623	44,178	56,932	14.9	19.2
53	D.C.	Private	1,228	182,270	19,162	23,749	10.5	13.0
53	D.C.	Public	764	114,353	25,016	33,183	21.9	29.0
53	D.C.	Priv. Construction	57	8,627	2,674	2,992	31.0	34.7
53	D.C.	Priv. Manufacturing	63	9,311	450	975	4.8	10.5
59	Florida	Total	8,196	5,045,206	393,815	539,520	7.8	10.7
59	Florida	Private	6,944	4,282,116	190,819	241,239	4.5	5.6
59	Florida	Public	1,252	763,090	202,996	298,281	26.6	39.1
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	616	390,704	16,825	22,699	4.3	5.8
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	982	604,972	37,468	49,454	6.2	8.2
58	Georgia	Total	2,229	2,659,400	280,593	330,627	10.6	12.4
58	Georgia	Private	1,865	2,226,061	202,360	221,933	9.1	10.0
58	Georgia	Public	364	433,340	78,233	108,694	18.1	25.1
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	127	157,093	17,670	17,670	11.2	11.2
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	489	587,560	84,720	92,707	14.4	15.8
95	Hawaii	Total	1,842	441,549	134,465	145,369	30.5	32.9
95	Hawaii	Private	1,405	336,573	72,282	80,522	21.5	23.9
95	Hawaii	Public	437	104,976	62,183	64,847	59.2	61.8
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	96	22,111	9,830	10,302	44.5	46.6
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	93	22,324	9,384	9,888	42.0	44.3
82	Idaho	Total	2,136	374,357	42,321	50,906	11.3	13.6
82	Idaho	Private	1,692	299,121	28,638	32,200	9.6	10.8
82	Idaho	Public	444	75,235	13,683	18,706	18.2	24.9
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	88	16,074	1,927	1,927	12.0	12.0
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	385	68,430	17,725	18,565	25.9	27.1
33	Illinois	Total	7,556	4,840,746	1,031,205	1,120,211	21.3	23.1
33	Illinois	Private	6,426	4,129,036	722,392	771,854	17.5	18.7
33	Illinois	Public	1,130	711,711	308,813	348,357	43.4	48.9
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	330	211,985	102,588	106,253	48.4	50.1
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	1,612	1,035,712	274,160	290,069	26.5	28.0
32	Indiana	Total	2,366	2,361,316	485,597	529,933	20.6	22.4
32	Indiana	Private	2,016	2,021,186	407,557	424,394	20.2	21.0
32	Indiana	Public	350	340,129	78,039	105,539	22.9	31.0
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	99	93,950	29,248	31,489	31.1	33.5
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	684	674,876	290,742	298,260	43.1	44.2
42	Iowa	Total	2,268	1,157,457	168,441	212,511	14.6	18.4
42	Iowa	Private	1,842	941,922	110,684	125,116	11.8	13.3
42	Iowa	Public	426	215,535	57,757	87,395	26.8	40.5
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	81	42,238	9,261	10,878	21.9	25.8
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	484	250,167	72,889	77,626	29.1	31.0
47	Kansas	Total	2,248	1,043,347	127,029	148,590	12.2	14.2
47	Kansas	Private	1,820	845,247	88,876	98,648	10.5	11.7
47	Kansas	Public	428	198,100	38,153	49,942	19.3	25.2
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	78	36,370	8,406	8,406	23.1	23.1
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	439	203,629	43,420	49,540	21.3	24.3
61	Kentucky	Total	1,926	1,382,978	228,042	251,129	16.5	18.2
61	Kentucky	Private	1,615	1,164,070	184,181	192,540	15.8	16.5
61	Kentucky	Public	311	218,908	43,861	58,589	20.0	26.8
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	107	78,160	13,098	13,702	16.8	17.5
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	413	300,546	108,975	113,119	36.3	37.6
72	Louisiana	Total	1,666	1,518,785	145,438	167,956	9.6	11.1
72	Louisiana	Private	1,346	1,233,058	95,880	103,845	7.8	8.4
72	Louisiana	Public	320	285,727	49,557	64,110	17.3	22.4
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	109	105,484	18,422	19,205	17.5	18.2
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	182	167,028	36,187	38,058	21.7	22.8
11	Maine	Total	1,934	491,653	81,545	90,973	16.6	18.5
11	Maine	Private	1,641	416,572	41,311	46,856	9.9	11.2
11	Maine	Public	293	75,081	40,234	44,117	53.6	58.8
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	117	30,535	2,734	2,976	9.0	9.7
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	464	116,862	26,990	29,696	23.1	25.4
52	Maryland	Total	2,261	2,130,264	330,576	397,967	15.5	18.7
52	Maryland	Private	1,693	1,589,386	164,741	194,920	10.4	12.3
52	Maryland	Public	568	540,879	165,835	203,047	30.7	37.5
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	149	141,333	21,076	21,076	14.9	14.9
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	266	247,140	47,830	53,655	19.4	21.7
14	Massachusetts	Total	7,781	2,754,979	508,600	540,224	18.5	19.6
14	Massachusetts	Private	6,668	2,366,543	280,413	300,388	11.8	12.7
14	Massachusetts	Public	1,113	388,435	228,187	239,836	58.7	61.7
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	363	130,556	31,511	32,663	24.1	25.0
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	1,773	628,185	105,056	109,842	16.7	17.5
34	Michigan	Total	7,523	3,790,660	1,009,184	1,084,478	26.6	28.6
34	Michigan	Private	6,378	3,225,535	697,901	742,741	21.6	23.0
34	Michigan	Public	1,145	565,124	311,283	341,738	55.1	60.5
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	286	146,438	49,338	52,983	33.7	36.2
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	2,111	1,069,578	432,269	446,067	40.4	41.7
41	Minnesota	Total	2,221	1,908,900	392,396	429,816	20.6	22.5
41	Minnesota	Private	1,858	1,601,382	233,822	254,493	14.6	15.9
41	Minnesota	Public	363	307,518	158,575	175,323	51.6	57.0
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	86	74,968	31,059	31,942	41.4	42.6
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	433	371,445	76,759	85,940	20.7	23.1
64	Mississippi	Total	2,142	931,095	70,381	83,501	7.6	9.0
64	Mississippi	Private	1,731	756,530	50,617	56,278	6.7	7.4
64	Mississippi	Public	411	174,565	19,764	27,222	11.3	15.6
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	110	49,750	4,640	4,640	9.3	9.3
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	522	226,625	29,651	32,565	13.1	14.4
43	Missouri	Total	2,234	2,146,850	359,818	404,507	16.8	18.8
43	Missouri	Private	1,871	1,808,390	276,767	293,960	15.3	16.3
43	Missouri	Public	363	338,460	83,051	110,547	24.5	32.7
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	84	82,312	29,385	29,385	35.7	35.7
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	455	433,496	101,879	108,121	23.5	24.9
81	Montana	Total	2,176	292,683	51,859	59,523	17.7	20.3
81	Montana	Private	1,597	214,679	24,834	27,028	11.6	12.6
81	Montana	Public	579	78,004	27,025	32,495	34.6	41.7
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	71	9,975	2,364	2,829	23.7	28.4
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	190	25,981	6,798	6,918	26.2	26.6
46	Nebraska	Total	2,302	654,775	76,564	110,900	11.7	16.9
46	Nebraska	Private	1,873	532,994	40,469	58,694	7.6	11.0
46	Nebraska	Public	429	121,781	36,095	52,206	29.6	42.9
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	93	26,741	1,591	2,731	5.9	10.2
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	342	97,996	17,044	22,788	17.4	23.3
88	Nevada	Total	2,038	497,307	90,028	103,945	18.1	20.9
88	Nevada	Private	1,751	428,981	66,452	74,308	15.5	17.3
88	Nevada	Public	287	68,326	23,576	29,637	34.5	43.4
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	137	34,122	9,919	10,554	29.1	30.9
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	136	32,796	1,971	1,971	6.0	6.0
12	New Hampshire	Total	1,779	500,669	51,171	60,774	10.2	12.1
12	New Hampshire	Private	1,566	442,277	28,649	32,699	6.5	7.4
12	New Hampshire	Public	213	58,392	22,521	28,075	38.6	48.1
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	137	40,741	2,680	3,469	6.6	8.5
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	502	143,240	13,270	15,403	9.3	10.8
22	New Jersey	Total	7,641	3,426,028	817,376	893,081	23.9	26.1
22	New Jersey	Private	6,427	2,887,584	521,286	564,642	18.1	19.6
22	New Jersey	Public	1,214	538,444	296,090	328,438	55.0	61.0
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	365	162,144	55,999	55,999	34.5	34.5
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	1,511	685,490	176,996	189,555	25.8	27.7
85	New Mexico	Total	1,880	534,755	44,755	58,344	8.4	10.9
85	New Mexico	Private	1,381	393,188	28,610	33,610	7.3	8.5
85	New Mexico	Public	499	141,566	16,144	24,734	11.4	17.5
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	101	29,502	2,715	2,715	9.2	9.2
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	163	46,756	4,797	5,106	10.3	10.9
21	New York	Total	8,942	7,231,093	2,031,878	2,163,198	28.1	29.9
21	New York	Private	7,249	5,886,412	1,122,901	1,206,647	19.1	20.5
21	New York	Public	1,693	1,344,681	908,977	956,551	67.6	71.1
21	New York	Priv. Construction	437	367,782	131,828	134,320	35.8	36.5
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	1,543	1,227,767	302,340	317,684	24.6	25.9
56	North Carolina	Total	8,026	2,863,366	181,476	218,166	6.3	7.6
56	North Carolina	Private	6,834	2,442,187	105,417	126,603	4.3	5.2
56	North Carolina	Public	1,192	421,179	76,059	91,562	18.1	21.7
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	479	174,675	4,131	4,131	2.4	2.4
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	2,492	892,383	55,500	66,225	6.2	7.4
44	North Dakota	Total	2,305	244,750	27,883	38,288	11.4	15.6
44	North Dakota	Private	1,740	184,903	12,528	16,670	6.8	9.0
44	North Dakota	Public	565	59,847	15,355	21,618	25.7	36.1
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	98	10,437	2,343	2,457	22.5	23.5
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	139	14,966	2,870	3,553	19.2	23.7
31	Ohio	Total	7,928	4,481,421	1,001,849	1,089,609	22.4	24.3
31	Ohio	Private	6,735	3,806,133	708,853	750,894	18.6	19.7
31	Ohio	Public	1,193	675,288	292,997	338,715	43.4	50.2
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	327	190,028	49,546	52,673	26.1	27.7
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	2,092	1,178,641	416,566	434,481	35.3	36.9
73	Oklahoma	Total	1,980	1,205,991	119,016	133,188	9.9	11.0
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,558	961,693	72,296	78,229	7.5	8.1
73	Oklahoma	Public	422	244,298	46,720	54,958	19.1	22.5
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	67	40,842	4,850	4,850	11.9	11.9
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	308	187,526	34,879	36,634	18.6	19.5
92	Oregon	Total	1,699	1,102,634	228,837	264,009	20.8	23.9
92	Oregon	Private	1,409	916,549	138,704	150,948	15.1	16.5
92	Oregon	Public	290	186,085	90,133	113,062	48.4	60.8
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	55	36,178	8,209	9,020	22.7	24.9
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	356	230,281	55,954	57,260	24.3	24.9
23	Pennsylvania	Total	7,669	4,907,112	1,036,111	1,143,820	21.1	23.3
23	Pennsylvania	Private	6,633	4,237,885	711,755	771,523	16.8	18.2
23	Pennsylvania	Public	1,036	669,227	324,356	372,298	48.5	55.6
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	358	232,821	55,479	57,326	23.8	24.6
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	1,709	1,088,549	347,430	361,661	31.9	33.2
15	Rhode Island	Total	1,797	455,939	90,421	93,528	19.8	20.5
15	Rhode Island	Private	1,537	390,671	46,670	49,121	11.9	12.6
15	Rhode Island	Public	260	65,268	43,750	44,406	67.0	68.0
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	75	18,447	5,634	5,634	30.5	30.5
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	475	121,622	19,596	20,348	16.1	16.7
57	South Carolina	Total	2,560	1,416,577	72,526	93,618	5.1	6.6
57	South Carolina	Private	2,101	1,163,813	48,124	58,776	4.1	5.1
57	South Carolina	Public	459	252,764	24,403	34,842	9.7	13.8
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	123	70,046	3,429	3,930	4.9	5.6
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	789	437,859	27,419	35,956	6.3	8.2
45	South Dakota	Total	2,400	256,628	22,902	28,296	8.9	11.0
45	South Dakota	Private	1,901	203,298	10,155	12,039	5.0	5.9
45	South Dakota	Public	499	53,330	12,747	16,257	23.9	30.5
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	71	8,191	655	655	8.0	8.0
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	302	32,706	2,985	4,033	9.1	12.3
62	Tennessee	Total	2,135	1,952,922	239,556	286,666	12.3	14.7
62	Tennessee	Private	1,781	1,632,192	158,712	179,386	9.7	11.0
62	Tennessee	Public	354	320,729	80,844	107,279	25.2	33.4
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	134	123,264	9,936	10,816	8.1	8.8
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	563	520,531	89,127	101,221	17.1	19.4
74	Texas	Total	8,392	6,836,193	474,655	611,163	6.9	8.9
74	Texas	Private	6,847	5,613,976	276,765	345,850	4.9	6.2
74	Texas	Public	1,545	1,222,217	197,890	265,313	16.2	21.7
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	429	357,479	35,767	38,056	10.0	10.6
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	1,285	1,079,684	119,056	143,256	11.0	13.3
87	Utah	Total	1,992	617,705	75,632	95,700	12.2	15.5
87	Utah	Private	1,512	469,614	28,661	33,495	6.1	7.1
87	Utah	Public	480	148,091	46,972	62,205	31.7	42.0
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	73	22,702	3,132	3,423	13.8	15.1
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	339	106,014	7,652	9,525	7.2	9.0
13	Vermont	Total	1,746	243,192	25,894	34,475	10.6	14.2
13	Vermont	Private	1,479	206,182	10,795	14,127	5.2	6.9
13	Vermont	Public	267	37,010	15,099	20,348	40.8	55.0
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	120	17,105	440	440	2.6	2.6
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	361	50,507	6,581	7,762	13.0	15.4
54	Virginia	Total	2,999	2,712,936	248,623	308,798	9.2	11.4
54	Virginia	Private	2,358	2,135,015	157,370	189,623	7.4	8.9