Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State, 2006 (details in table note)
State
Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
63	Alabama	Total	1,903	1,930,249	170,113	193,988	8.8	10.0
63	Alabama	Private	1,572	1,598,093	74,085	84,733	4.6	5.3
63	Alabama	Public	331	332,156	96,028	109,255	28.9	32.9
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	127	137,685	4,225	6,118	3.1	4.4
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	331	333,373	29,133	30,921	8.7	9.3
94	Alaska	Total	2,338	279,578	62,055	66,552	22.2	23.8
94	Alaska	Private	1,700	204,482	25,076	26,502	12.3	13.0
94	Alaska	Public	638	75,096	36,979	40,050	49.2	53.3
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	167	20,300	6,596	6,866	32.5	33.8
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	51	6,467	345	345	5.3	5.3
86	Arizona	Total	2,359	2,583,996	196,922	249,834	7.6	9.7
86	Arizona	Private	1,983	2,171,559	95,383	128,385	4.4	5.9
86	Arizona	Public	376	412,437	101,539	121,449	24.6	29.4
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	223	249,587	11,436	15,737	4.6	6.3
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	195	214,396	8,108	10,977	3.8	5.1
71	Arkansas	Total	1,741	1,130,108	58,127	67,488	5.1	6.0
71	Arkansas	Private	1,414	922,486	36,735	37,926	4.0	4.1
71	Arkansas	Public	327	207,621	21,392	29,561	10.3	14.2
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	95	63,769	575	963	0.9	1.5
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	312	205,573	17,527	17,527	8.5	8.5
93	California	Total	13,770	14,500,760	2,273,437	2,444,122	15.7	16.9
93	California	Private	11,636	12,276,069	1,102,609	1,182,097	9.0	9.6
93	California	Public	2,134	2,224,691	1,170,827	1,262,025	52.6	56.7
93	California	Priv. Construction	948	1,007,227	175,828	181,604	17.5	18.0
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,544	1,627,990	103,109	111,730	6.3	6.9
84	Colorado	Total	3,873	2,153,893	164,957	186,101	7.7	8.6
84	Colorado	Private	3,294	1,836,606	92,589	103,537	5.0	5.6
84	Colorado	Public	579	317,287	72,368	82,564	22.8	26.0
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	287	161,201	9,684	10,670	6.0	6.6
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	359	201,353	17,684	17,684	8.8	8.8
16	Connecticut	Total	4,078	1,590,721	247,492	262,781	15.6	16.5
16	Connecticut	Private	3,478	1,355,656	108,696	119,181	8.0	8.8
16	Connecticut	Public	600	235,065	138,797	143,600	59.0	61.1
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	210	82,561	13,807	15,074	16.7	18.3
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	532	203,827	23,784	25,262	11.7	12.4
51	Delaware	Total	2,972	395,681	42,646	45,097	10.8	11.4
51	Delaware	Private	2,525	336,420	19,409	20,942	5.8	6.2
51	Delaware	Public	447	59,260	23,237	24,154	39.2	40.8
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	253	32,851	3,576	3,738	10.9	11.4
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	299	39,853	5,135	5,273	12.9	13.2
53	D.C.	Total	2,302	246,367	25,350	30,110	10.3	12.2
53	D.C.	Private	1,698	182,684	12,283	14,844	6.7	8.1
53	D.C.	Public	604	63,683	13,067	15,266	20.5	24.0
53	D.C.	Priv. Construction	70	7,711	1,130	1,130	14.7	14.7
53	D.C.	Priv. Manufacturing	29	2,999	147	232	4.9	7.7
59	Florida	Total	7,303	7,675,747	396,958	497,350	5.2	6.5
59	Florida	Private	6,276	6,601,617	154,150	195,509	2.3	3.0
59	Florida	Public	1,027	1,074,130	242,807	301,841	22.6	28.1
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	656	693,484	21,783	24,044	3.1	3.5
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	466	488,743	11,818	16,903	2.4	3.5
58	Georgia	Total	3,802	3,973,751	175,802	229,688	4.4	5.8
58	Georgia	Private	3,171	3,325,181	113,806	141,743	3.4	4.3
58	Georgia	Public	631	648,570	61,996	87,945	9.6	13.6
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	268	286,866	11,965	11,965	4.2	4.2
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	482	496,978	32,266	40,746	6.5	8.2
95	Hawaii	Total	2,665	561,676	138,968	145,642	24.7	25.9
95	Hawaii	Private	2,066	437,113	70,274	73,498	16.1	16.8
95	Hawaii	Public	599	124,563	68,693	72,143	55.1	57.9
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	177	38,109	14,562	14,562	38.2	38.2
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	73	15,556	3,306	3,686	21.3	23.7
82	Idaho	Total	2,043	620,166	37,418	44,780	6.0	7.2
82	Idaho	Private	1,647	504,261	19,997	22,320	4.0	4.4
82	Idaho	Public	396	115,905	17,421	22,459	15.0	19.4
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	140	44,272	5,001	5,001	11.3	11.3
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	220	66,660	4,808	5,617	7.2	8.4
33	Illinois	Total	5,516	5,684,136	931,166	979,311	16.4	17.2
33	Illinois	Private	4,749	4,905,326	545,930	570,735	11.1	11.6
33	Illinois	Public	767	778,809	385,235	408,576	49.5	52.5
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	295	310,327	124,650	126,446	40.2	40.7
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	724	738,919	110,879	113,785	15.0	15.4
32	Indiana	Total	2,793	2,787,105	334,078	362,384	12.0	13.0
32	Indiana	Private	2,398	2,405,874	228,135	244,734	9.5	10.2
32	Indiana	Public	395	381,232	105,942	117,650	27.8	30.9
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	165	175,589	39,943	41,067	22.7	23.4
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	567	568,397	115,248	118,211	20.3	20.8
42	Iowa	Total	3,571	1,423,671	160,677	199,393	11.3	14.0
42	Iowa	Private	2,965	1,183,664	86,563	96,660	7.3	8.2
42	Iowa	Public	606	240,007	74,114	102,734	30.9	42.8
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	176	72,832	11,153	11,153	15.3	15.3
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	569	227,283	45,841	49,826	20.2	21.9
47	Kansas	Total	2,628	1,236,097	98,816	114,851	8.0	9.3
47	Kansas	Private	2,125	1,005,633	54,204	63,054	5.4	6.3
47	Kansas	Public	503	230,464	44,613	51,797	19.4	22.5
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	124	59,793	9,427	9,427	15.8	15.8
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	376	175,883	20,141	25,440	11.5	14.5
61	Kentucky	Total	2,479	1,752,214	172,106	196,338	9.8	11.2
61	Kentucky	Private	2,042	1,446,092	122,219	133,924	8.5	9.3
61	Kentucky	Public	437	306,122	49,887	62,414	16.3	20.4
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	136	99,534	10,560	11,810	10.6	11.9
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	368	262,427	40,188	42,683	15.3	16.3
72	Louisiana	Total	1,541	1,676,436	107,008	121,163	6.4	7.2
72	Louisiana	Private	1,283	1,409,658	65,575	74,068	4.7	5.3
72	Louisiana	Public	258	266,778	41,432	47,095	15.5	17.7
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	123	140,306	10,388	11,364	7.4	8.1
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	148	167,572	31,003	33,472	18.5	20.0
11	Maine	Total	3,381	583,869	69,293	78,931	11.9	13.5
11	Maine	Private	2,827	490,441	26,056	28,910	5.3	5.9
11	Maine	Public	554	93,428	43,237	50,021	46.3	53.5
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	172	29,992	1,942	2,116	6.5	7.1
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	377	64,815	11,049	11,049	17.0	17.0
52	Maryland	Total	4,478	2,613,728	342,389	386,452	13.1	14.8
52	Maryland	Private	3,434	2,000,692	149,148	169,893	7.5	8.5
52	Maryland	Public	1,044	613,036	193,241	216,559	31.5	35.3
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	352	201,004	22,969	27,968	11.4	13.9
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	239	138,919	19,619	19,619	14.1	14.1
14	Massachusetts	Total	2,729	2,858,969	413,778	438,415	14.5	15.3
14	Massachusetts	Private	2,385	2,507,348	206,030	225,470	8.2	9.0
14	Massachusetts	Public	344	351,622	207,748	212,944	59.1	60.6
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	140	147,334	29,399	29,399	20.0	20.0
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	264	267,892	32,096	35,339	12.0	13.2
34	Michigan	Total	4,270	4,299,280	841,831	878,572	19.6	20.4
34	Michigan	Private	3,663	3,702,774	509,093	532,329	13.7	14.4
34	Michigan	Public	607	596,505	332,737	346,242	55.8	58.0
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	190	198,111	43,749	43,749	22.1	22.1
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	911	914,701	223,969	231,185	24.5	25.3
41	Minnesota	Total	4,643	2,478,590	395,480	416,412	16.0	16.8
41	Minnesota	Private	3,944	2,113,575	205,447	216,713	9.7	10.3
41	Minnesota	Public	699	365,015	190,032	199,699	52.1	54.7
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	230	125,426	30,142	31,312	24.0	25.0
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	734	388,499	44,692	47,026	11.5	12.1
64	Mississippi	Total	1,428	1,064,772	60,044	77,593	5.6	7.3
64	Mississippi	Private	1,144	857,930	34,890	42,852	4.1	5.0
64	Mississippi	Public	284	206,841	25,155	34,741	12.2	16.8
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	77	59,431	1,875	1,875	3.2	3.2
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	268	202,730	17,014	22,788	8.4	11.2
43	Missouri	Total	3,126	2,609,569	284,197	310,302	10.9	11.9
43	Missouri	Private	2,693	2,249,025	211,108	219,353	9.4	9.8
43	Missouri	Public	433	360,544	73,089	90,949	20.3	25.2
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	174	146,678	44,811	47,168	30.6	32.2
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	447	374,702	62,221	63,185	16.6	16.9
81	Montana	Total	1,649	396,969	48,322	52,162	12.2	13.1
81	Montana	Private	1,259	306,413	16,767	18,845	5.5	6.2
81	Montana	Public	390	90,556	31,555	33,317	34.8	36.8
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	113	29,120	2,536	3,113	8.7	10.7
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	81	19,036	1,708	1,708	9.0	9.0
46	Nebraska	Total	2,850	830,549	65,913	78,761	7.9	9.5
46	Nebraska	Private	2,366	691,882	30,541	34,800	4.4	5.0
46	Nebraska	Public	484	138,667	35,371	43,960	25.5	31.7
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	153	45,572	4,142	4,142	9.1	9.1
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	403	115,109	10,494	11,698	9.1	10.2
88	Nevada	Total	2,921	1,124,231	166,518	191,470	14.8	17.0
88	Nevada	Private	2,573	995,580	124,190	139,433	12.5	14.0
88	Nevada	Public	348	128,651	42,329	52,037	32.9	40.4
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	335	134,833	26,346	28,209	19.5	20.9
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	104	39,453	1,217	2,440	3.1	6.2
12	New Hampshire	Total	4,065	620,340	62,915	70,137	10.1	11.3
12	New Hampshire	Private	3,474	532,468	23,439	24,656	4.4	4.6
12	New Hampshire	Public	591	87,872	39,476	45,481	44.9	51.8
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	206	32,315	3,109	3,109	9.6	9.6
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	630	96,195	4,153	4,780	4.3	5.0
22	New Jersey	Total	3,796	3,826,562	770,268	825,347	20.1	21.6
22	New Jersey	Private	3,151	3,183,757	356,338	386,747	11.2	12.1
22	New Jersey	Public	645	642,805	413,930	438,600	64.4	68.2
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	180	182,534	52,684	53,577	28.9	29.4
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	398	402,133	49,783	51,881	12.4	12.9
85	New Mexico	Total	1,647	796,411	62,209	91,588	7.8	11.5
85	New Mexico	Private	1,239	604,814	29,709	39,229	4.9	6.5
85	New Mexico	Public	408	191,597	32,501	52,359	17.0	27.3
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	122	63,183	7,423	8,326	11.7	13.2
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	71	34,308	1,455	2,300	4.2	6.7
21	New York	Total	7,499	8,115,161	1,981,323	2,060,194	24.4	25.4
21	New York	Private	6,119	6,657,150	977,510	1,027,210	14.7	15.4
21	New York	Public	1,380	1,458,011	1,003,813	1,032,984	68.8	70.8
21	New York	Priv. Construction	384	420,042	101,724	104,843	24.2	25.0
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	637	671,687	97,645	102,772	14.5	15.3
56	North Carolina	Total	3,530	3,809,761	125,627	155,114	3.3	4.1
56	North Carolina	Private	2,938	3,180,923	57,781	71,513	1.8	2.2
56	North Carolina	Public	592	628,837	67,846	83,601	10.8	13.3
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	281	310,313	2,855	2,855	0.9	0.9
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	539	574,428	17,761	22,936	3.1	4.0
44	North Dakota	Total	2,406	300,236	20,290	23,982	6.8	8.0
44	North Dakota	Private	1,855	232,043	8,518	9,212	3.7	4.0
44	North Dakota	Public	551	68,192	11,773	14,769	17.3	21.7
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	114	14,464	774	916	5.4	6.3
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	182	22,854	1,970	1,970	8.6	8.6
31	Ohio	Total	5,209	5,170,187	733,703	801,264	14.2	15.5
31	Ohio	Private	4,454	4,427,766	410,902	440,321	9.3	9.9
31	Ohio	Public	755	742,421	322,800	360,943	43.5	48.6
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	261	261,792	52,614	52,614	20.1	20.1
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	968	950,846	160,717	168,701	16.9	17.7
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,030	1,452,808	92,752	112,428	6.4	7.7
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,630	1,177,490	41,209	48,911	3.5	4.2
73	Oklahoma	Public	400	275,318	51,543	63,516	18.7	23.1
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	105	78,763	3,203	3,726	4.1	4.7
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	219	157,604	14,272	15,973	9.1	10.1
92	Oregon	Total	2,286	1,526,954	210,662	224,580	13.8	14.7
92	Oregon	Private	1,923	1,294,161	97,702	100,238	7.5	7.7
92	Oregon	Public	363	232,793	112,960	124,342	48.5	53.4
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	139	98,223	11,775	11,775	12.0	12.0
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	306	206,099	24,216	24,782	11.7	12.0
23	Pennsylvania	Total	5,507	5,456,541	744,537	802,277	13.6	14.7
23	Pennsylvania	Private	4,771	4,743,526	380,567	412,313	8.0	8.7
23	Pennsylvania	Public	736	713,015	363,969	389,964	51.0	54.7
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	279	285,088	47,059	47,059	16.5	16.5
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	781	764,321	104,963	106,075	13.7	13.9
15	Rhode Island	Total	3,172	497,562	76,297	79,458	15.3	16.0
15	Rhode Island	Private	2,748	432,231	33,499	35,155	7.8	8.1
15	Rhode Island	Public	424	65,330	42,797	44,303	65.5	67.8
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	175	27,669	4,570	4,570	16.5	16.5
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	436	67,840	4,793	4,793	7.1	7.1
57	South Carolina	Total	2,232	1,775,394	58,655	74,288	3.3	4.2
57	South Carolina	Private	1,816	1,449,420	31,842	33,216	2.2	2.3
57	South Carolina	Public	416	325,975	26,813	41,072	8.2	12.6
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	159	134,372	3,662	3,662	2.7	2.7
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	384	303,059	8,540	9,226	2.8	3.0
45	South Dakota	Total	2,830	350,593	20,781	25,125	5.9	7.2
45	South Dakota	Private	2,319	290,600	8,100	8,561	2.8	2.9
45	South Dakota	Public	511	59,993	12,681	16,564	21.1	27.6
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	187	23,270	392	392	1.7	1.7
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	370	44,333	3,890	4,130	8.8	9.3
62	Tennessee	Total	2,392	2,549,584	152,962	174,002	6.0	6.8
62	Tennessee	Private	2,024	2,156,099	67,418	76,198	3.1	3.5
62	Tennessee	Public	368	393,485	85,545	97,804	21.7	24.9
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	180	189,906	2,942	2,942	1.5	1.5
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	379	396,452	32,618	35,271	8.2	8.9
74	Texas	Total	8,785	9,750,865	476,209	575,809	4.9	5.9
74	Texas	Private	7,320	8,166,978	230,574	264,971	2.8	3.2
74	Texas	Public	1,465	1,583,887	245,634	310,838	15.5	19.6
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	683	778,026	14,710	15,756	1.9	2.0
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	915	1,031,799	61,010	66,946	5.9	6.5
87	Utah	Total	2,474	1,120,622	60,730	68,511	5.4	6.1
87	Utah	Private	2,022	923,466	25,336	28,231	2.7	3.1
87	Utah	Public	452	197,156	35,394	40,280	18.0	20.4
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	202	93,479	3,953	3,953	4.2	4.2
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	275	123,886	5,550	7,259	4.5	5.9
13	Vermont	Total	2,761	304,838	33,658	39,251	11.0	12.9
13	Vermont	Private	2,280	253,013	12,566	14,062	5.0	5.6
13	Vermont	Public	481	51,825	21,092	25,189	40.7	48.6
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	169	19,725	738	738	3.7	3.7
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	329	35,835	1,220	1,578	3.4	4.4
54	Virginia	Total	4,010	3,445,961	139,498	179,326	4.0	5.2
54	Virginia	Private	3,253	2,807,697	85,990	104,226	3.1	3.7
54	Virginia	Public	757	638,265	53,508	75,100	8.4	11.8
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	336	287,725	5,152	12,806	1.8	4.5
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	319	272,775	21,270	26,797	7.8	9.8
91	Washington	Total	3,084	2,771,727	548,509	582,644	19.8	21.0
91	Washington	Private	2,560	2,310,657	288,926	304,913	12.5	13.2
91	Washington	Public	524	461,070	259,583	277,731	56.3	60.2
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	178	165,368	42,219	42,219	25.5	25.5
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	383	341,028	69,361	71,063	20.3	20.8
55	West Virginia	Total	1,883	710,429	100,686	110,118	14.2	15.5
55	West Virginia	Private	1,502	570,029	58,537	64,439	10.3	11.3
55	West Virginia	Public	381	140,400	42,149	45,679	30.0	32.5
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	119	45,976	7,271	7,577	15.8	16.5
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	179	68,314	14,538	16,176	21.3	23.7
35	Wisconsin	Total	3,547	2,586,656	385,525	415,198	14.9	16.1
35	Wisconsin	Private	3,065	2,245,470	202,717	217,832	9.0	9.7
35	Wisconsin	Public	482	341,186	182,809	197,366	53.6	57.8
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	144	112,021	32,342	32,991	28.9	29.5
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	680	497,938	82,027	86,235	16.5	17.3
83	Wyoming	Total	2,364	235,114	19,447	23,501	8.3	10.0
83	Wyoming	Private	1,829	181,658	11,121	12,596	6.1	6.9
83	Wyoming	Public	535	53,455	8,326	10,904	15.6	20.4
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	183	18,202	1,921	2,032	10.6	11.2
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	90	8,799	692	796	7.9	9.1
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2006. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: State Code=Census state code  used
in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are union
members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers who
are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2007 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.