Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State, 2007 (details in table note)
State
Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
63	Alabama	Total	1,789	1,894,629	180,397	201,426	9.5	10.6
63	Alabama	Private	1,460	1,555,871	75,862	85,290	4.9	5.5
63	Alabama	Public	329	338,758	104,535	116,136	30.9	34.3
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	127	142,595	7,611	7,611	5.3	5.3
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	295	309,522	26,284	32,417	8.5	10.5
94	Alaska	Total	2,355	283,812	67,511	69,997	23.8	24.7
94	Alaska	Private	1,696	205,957	26,783	28,042	13.0	13.6
94	Alaska	Public	659	77,855	40,728	41,955	52.3	53.9
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	156	19,286	5,866	5,866	30.4	30.4
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	36	4,576	648	784	14.2	17.1
86	Arizona	Total	2,297	2,619,198	229,570	254,858	8.8	9.7
86	Arizona	Private	1,928	2,206,668	143,353	154,787	6.5	7.0
86	Arizona	Public	369	412,530	86,217	100,070	20.9	24.3
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	228	268,316	22,502	23,652	8.4	8.8
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	203	229,128	16,177	17,289	7.1	7.5
71	Arkansas	Total	1,781	1,154,073	61,882	75,179	5.4	6.5
71	Arkansas	Private	1,411	918,745	31,334	35,805	3.4	3.9
71	Arkansas	Public	370	235,328	30,548	39,375	13.0	16.7
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	102	69,702	1,173	1,173	1.7	1.7
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	294	184,525	13,984	16,468	7.6	8.9
93	California	Total	13,782	14,856,080	2,473,918	2,650,380	16.7	17.8
93	California	Private	11,516	12,461,462	1,201,836	1,305,834	9.6	10.5
93	California	Public	2,266	2,394,618	1,272,081	1,344,546	53.1	56.1
93	California	Priv. Construction	971	1,082,631	178,624	184,031	16.5	17.0
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,480	1,601,404	140,519	150,482	8.8	9.4
84	Colorado	Total	3,928	2,203,979	190,759	202,289	8.7	9.2
84	Colorado	Private	3,282	1,848,721	104,082	109,701	5.6	5.9
84	Colorado	Public	646	355,258	86,678	92,588	24.4	26.1
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	300	170,223	14,379	14,900	8.4	8.8
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	366	206,697	31,281	32,478	15.1	15.7
16	Connecticut	Total	4,027	1,617,358	253,053	268,756	15.6	16.6
16	Connecticut	Private	3,435	1,378,855	104,615	112,764	7.6	8.2
16	Connecticut	Public	592	238,502	148,438	155,993	62.2	65.4
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	173	70,766	12,651	12,651	17.9	17.9
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	541	214,005	21,849	22,544	10.2	10.5
51	Delaware	Total	2,904	395,669	47,429	50,460	12.0	12.8
51	Delaware	Private	2,418	330,273	23,638	24,527	7.2	7.4
51	Delaware	Public	486	65,396	23,791	25,933	36.4	39.7
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	215	29,807	3,402	3,550	11.4	11.9
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	301	41,061	4,774	4,893	11.6	11.9
53	D.C.	Total	2,474	277,935	28,740	37,745	10.3	13.6
53	D.C.	Private	1,803	203,719	15,084	19,999	7.4	9.8
53	D.C.	Public	671	74,217	13,657	17,746	18.4	23.9
53	D.C.	Priv. Construction	66	7,638	1,025	1,100	13.4	14.4
53	D.C.	Priv. Manufacturing	31	3,543	0	235	0.0	6.6
59	Florida	Total	7,120	7,740,964	454,772	562,367	5.9	7.3
59	Florida	Private	6,102	6,644,515	165,858	200,789	2.5	3.0
59	Florida	Public	1,018	1,096,450	288,914	361,578	26.3	33.0
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	571	632,114	20,693	24,185	3.3	3.8
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	420	455,867	12,935	14,805	2.8	3.2
58	Georgia	Total	3,846	4,181,194	185,590	225,769	4.4	5.4
58	Georgia	Private	3,186	3,474,541	96,624	120,226	2.8	3.5
58	Georgia	Public	660	706,653	88,965	105,543	12.6	14.9
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	259	285,855	19,349	19,349	6.8	6.8
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	468	502,806	21,397	26,321	4.3	5.2
95	Hawaii	Total	2,664	556,409	130,300	134,789	23.4	24.2
95	Hawaii	Private	2,131	447,329	68,183	71,205	15.2	15.9
95	Hawaii	Public	533	109,080	62,117	63,584	56.9	58.3
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	195	43,224	15,142	15,578	35.0	36.0
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	75	15,633	2,074	2,316	13.3	14.8
82	Idaho	Total	1,998	634,691	33,392	40,829	5.3	6.4
82	Idaho	Private	1,627	519,339	17,499	20,081	3.4	3.9
82	Idaho	Public	371	115,352	15,893	20,748	13.8	18.0
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	160	51,212	3,330	4,100	6.5	8.0
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	234	74,785	3,067	3,707	4.1	5.0
33	Illinois	Total	5,571	5,802,384	842,189	884,147	14.5	15.2
33	Illinois	Private	4,773	4,991,212	483,812	509,413	9.7	10.2
33	Illinois	Public	798	811,172	358,376	374,735	44.2	46.2
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	282	299,009	112,280	114,133	37.6	38.2
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	754	786,837	106,129	107,410	13.5	13.7
32	Indiana	Total	2,724	2,778,629	333,231	359,065	12.0	12.9
32	Indiana	Private	2,330	2,387,273	233,376	242,925	9.8	10.2
32	Indiana	Public	394	391,356	99,855	116,139	25.5	29.7
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	143	149,346	44,997	44,997	30.1	30.1
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	558	568,594	105,489	107,670	18.6	18.9
42	Iowa	Total	3,670	1,417,249	148,689	185,025	10.5	13.1
42	Iowa	Private	3,077	1,189,784	73,952	85,591	6.2	7.2
42	Iowa	Public	593	227,465	74,738	99,435	32.9	43.7
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	175	70,232	7,595	7,983	10.8	11.4
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	614	239,032	41,476	46,795	17.4	19.6
47	Kansas	Total	2,708	1,274,386	89,237	110,239	7.0	8.7
47	Kansas	Private	2,219	1,050,350	50,405	60,960	4.8	5.8
47	Kansas	Public	489	224,036	38,832	49,280	17.3	22.0
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	128	61,751	8,328	8,813	13.5	14.3
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	348	163,570	19,676	26,318	12.0	16.1
61	Kentucky	Total	2,446	1,733,725	157,357	191,670	9.1	11.1
61	Kentucky	Private	2,009	1,430,382	106,956	116,660	7.5	8.2
61	Kentucky	Public	437	303,343	50,401	75,010	16.6	24.7
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	126	91,926	9,552	9,552	10.4	10.4
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	348	247,085	23,600	25,667	9.6	10.4
72	Louisiana	Total	1,464	1,669,613	93,777	108,363	5.6	6.5
72	Louisiana	Private	1,204	1,385,066	55,569	59,311	4.0	4.3
72	Louisiana	Public	260	284,546	38,208	49,052	13.4	17.2
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	105	122,948	15,551	17,458	12.6	14.2
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	128	148,049	23,314	23,314	15.7	15.7
11	Maine	Total	3,299	573,915	67,201	79,441	11.7	13.8
11	Maine	Private	2,723	476,010	24,132	27,531	5.1	5.8
11	Maine	Public	576	97,905	43,068	51,910	44.0	53.0
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	169	31,188	1,316	1,316	4.2	4.2
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	386	67,264	11,034	11,214	16.4	16.7
52	Maryland	Total	4,374	2,598,101	335,300	375,709	12.9	14.5
52	Maryland	Private	3,267	1,943,891	139,469	156,701	7.2	8.1
52	Maryland	Public	1,107	654,210	195,832	219,008	29.9	33.5
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	316	187,016	22,641	23,654	12.1	12.6
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	221	126,882	17,472	17,991	13.8	14.2
14	Massachusetts	Total	2,693	2,882,221	379,479	402,211	13.2	14.0
14	Massachusetts	Private	2,368	2,542,177	193,359	205,195	7.6	8.1
14	Massachusetts	Public	325	340,044	186,120	197,016	54.7	57.9
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	125	138,358	22,226	24,205	16.1	17.5
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	254	270,420	20,464	20,464	7.6	7.6
34	Michigan	Total	4,041	4,192,998	818,586	865,156	19.5	20.6
34	Michigan	Private	3,475	3,614,967	503,032	530,342	13.9	14.7
34	Michigan	Public	566	578,031	315,554	334,814	54.6	57.9
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	179	193,618	38,743	40,108	20.0	20.7
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	827	854,711	203,261	210,065	23.8	24.6
41	Minnesota	Total	4,586	2,460,165	400,369	419,353	16.3	17.0
41	Minnesota	Private	3,893	2,095,829	200,407	208,812	9.6	10.0
41	Minnesota	Public	693	364,336	199,962	210,541	54.9	57.8
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	237	130,120	40,754	41,274	31.3	31.7
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	662	352,318	36,011	36,508	10.2	10.4
64	Mississippi	Total	1,433	1,067,924	71,757	95,208	6.7	8.9
64	Mississippi	Private	1,131	847,089	45,497	54,406	5.4	6.4
64	Mississippi	Public	302	220,835	26,260	40,802	11.9	18.5
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	87	67,629	2,250	2,250	3.3	3.3
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	263	195,264	21,609	27,148	11.1	13.9
43	Missouri	Total	2,930	2,585,313	275,414	307,536	10.7	11.9
43	Missouri	Private	2,515	2,226,526	193,776	204,776	8.7	9.2
43	Missouri	Public	415	358,787	81,637	102,759	22.8	28.6
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	165	148,639	45,668	46,488	30.7	31.3
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	443	389,756	49,738	52,411	12.8	13.4
81	Montana	Total	1,664	398,561	53,984	62,366	13.5	15.6
81	Montana	Private	1,298	312,117	18,869	23,708	6.0	7.6
81	Montana	Public	366	86,443	35,116	38,658	40.6	44.7
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	120	29,499	4,190	5,303	14.2	18.0
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	86	20,624	2,054	2,807	10.0	13.6
46	Nebraska	Total	2,860	835,876	64,794	81,017	7.8	9.7
46	Nebraska	Private	2,321	681,229	26,577	31,346	3.9	4.6
46	Nebraska	Public	539	154,646	38,216	49,670	24.7	32.1
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	114	33,445	3,027	3,027	9.1	9.1
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	382	110,360	7,749	9,413	7.0	8.5
88	Nevada	Total	2,979	1,177,255	181,580	208,057	15.4	17.7
88	Nevada	Private	2,586	1,028,174	131,552	145,651	12.8	14.2
88	Nevada	Public	393	149,080	50,027	62,406	33.6	41.9
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	314	126,774	28,729	30,501	22.7	24.1
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	92	36,632	3,232	4,292	8.8	11.7
12	New Hampshire	Total	4,034	630,575	60,989	70,418	9.7	11.2
12	New Hampshire	Private	3,457	542,048	20,435	23,060	3.8	4.3
12	New Hampshire	Public	577	88,527	40,554	47,358	45.8	53.5
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	198	32,469	3,077	3,077	9.5	9.5
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	603	92,847	3,096	3,345	3.3	3.6
22	New Jersey	Total	3,710	3,897,473	747,523	802,370	19.2	20.6
22	New Jersey	Private	3,069	3,231,439	326,579	356,378	10.1	11.0
22	New Jersey	Public	641	666,034	420,944	445,993	63.2	67.0
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	195	199,291	47,360	47,360	23.8	23.8
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	374	386,686	28,522	32,287	7.4	8.3
85	New Mexico	Total	1,605	800,265	61,719	91,281	7.7	11.4
85	New Mexico	Private	1,170	594,166	22,302	27,784	3.8	4.7
85	New Mexico	Public	435	206,099	39,417	63,497	19.1	30.8
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	103	53,013	2,053	2,053	3.9	3.9
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	70	35,885	451	894	1.3	2.5
21	New York	Total	7,247	8,149,836	2,054,905	2,146,196	25.2	26.3
21	New York	Private	5,945	6,729,573	1,060,794	1,129,522	15.8	16.8
21	New York	Public	1,302	1,420,264	994,111	1,016,674	70.0	71.6
21	New York	Priv. Construction	397	465,695	127,387	128,411	27.4	27.6
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	561	611,844	100,228	104,485	16.4	17.1
56	North Carolina	Total	3,420	3,770,884	113,620	146,856	3.0	3.9
56	North Carolina	Private	2,851	3,149,800	63,583	75,614	2.0	2.4
56	North Carolina	Public	569	621,083	50,036	71,242	8.1	11.5
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	254	283,986	4,380	5,717	1.5	2.0
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	471	512,798	16,874	19,327	3.3	3.8
44	North Dakota	Total	2,414	303,291	19,381	23,185	6.4	7.6
44	North Dakota	Private	1,897	239,403	9,530	11,263	4.0	4.7
44	North Dakota	Public	517	63,888	9,851	11,922	15.4	18.7
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	138	18,253	1,675	1,932	9.2	10.6
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	187	24,126	1,562	1,562	6.5	6.5
31	Ohio	Total	5,075	5,186,562	730,336	796,635	14.1	15.4
31	Ohio	Private	4,285	4,384,816	393,631	422,559	9.0	9.6
31	Ohio	Public	790	801,746	336,705	374,077	42.0	46.7
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	259	266,971	70,175	72,289	26.3	27.1
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	921	931,197	126,918	130,905	13.6	14.1
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,071	1,456,056	103,310	124,352	7.1	8.5
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,648	1,162,516	40,596	48,573	3.5	4.2
73	Oklahoma	Public	423	293,540	62,714	75,780	21.4	25.8
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	115	83,436	4,116	4,116	4.9	4.9
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	198	139,843	11,784	13,339	8.4	9.5
92	Oregon	Total	2,310	1,581,897	226,590	243,409	14.3	15.4
92	Oregon	Private	1,955	1,345,530	103,148	111,890	7.7	8.3
92	Oregon	Public	355	236,367	123,442	131,519	52.2	55.6
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	160	114,927	16,144	16,830	14.0	14.6
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	309	212,559	24,551	25,139	11.6	11.8
23	Pennsylvania	Total	5,441	5,496,015	829,812	909,597	15.1	16.6
23	Pennsylvania	Private	4,732	4,789,812	463,573	508,586	9.7	10.6
23	Pennsylvania	Public	709	706,203	366,239	401,011	51.9	56.8
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	281	287,482	49,557	50,572	17.2	17.6
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	727	722,035	124,223	127,408	17.2	17.6
15	Rhode Island	Total	3,131	497,107	74,523	78,383	15.0	15.8
15	Rhode Island	Private	2,708	430,878	32,312	34,555	7.5	8.0
15	Rhode Island	Public	423	66,229	42,211	43,828	63.7	66.2
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	149	24,227	4,847	4,985	20.0	20.6
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	421	66,868	3,637	3,921	5.4	5.9
57	South Carolina	Total	2,270	1,873,013	77,527	111,015	4.1	5.9
57	South Carolina	Private	1,867	1,543,196	41,544	56,700	2.7	3.7
57	South Carolina	Public	403	329,816	35,983	54,315	10.9	16.5
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	174	143,987	4,601	5,187	3.2	3.6
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	355	288,082	12,972	15,695	4.5	5.4
45	South Dakota	Total	2,759	353,580	22,841	27,250	6.5	7.7
45	South Dakota	Private	2,280	294,115	9,966	10,816	3.4	3.7
45	South Dakota	Public	479	59,465	12,875	16,434	21.7	27.6
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	147	19,654	868	868	4.4	4.4
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	363	45,615	4,267	4,461	9.4	9.8
62	Tennessee	Total	2,371	2,596,051	137,760	166,349	5.3	6.4
62	Tennessee	Private	1,999	2,191,136	67,131	81,901	3.1	3.7
62	Tennessee	Public	372	404,915	70,629	84,449	17.4	20.9
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	176	190,563	8,461	8,461	4.4	4.4
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	374	401,295	20,103	24,047	5.0	6.0
74	Texas	Total	8,683	9,899,067	462,698	566,387	4.7	5.7
74	Texas	Private	7,242	8,323,051	223,150	274,905	2.7	3.3
74	Texas	Public	1,441	1,576,015	239,548	291,482	15.2	18.5
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	704	850,557	23,654	28,258	2.8	3.3
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	898	1,040,437	54,025	59,117	5.2	5.7
87	Utah	Total	2,310	1,152,823	67,430	78,316	5.8	6.8
87	Utah	Private	1,868	944,253	30,815	36,464	3.3	3.9
87	Utah	Public	442	208,569	36,615	41,851	17.6	20.1
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	203	108,646	6,131	6,131	5.6	5.6
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	246	123,771	4,236	4,797	3.4	3.9
13	Vermont	Total	2,662	287,641	29,815	34,952	10.4	12.2
13	Vermont	Private	2,243	243,585	11,065	12,955	4.5	5.3
13	Vermont	Public	419	44,056	18,749	21,997	42.6	49.9
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	156	17,185	953	953	5.5	5.5
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	347	37,237	1,479	2,024	4.0	5.4
54	Virginia	Total	4,003	3,502,034	128,748	166,865	3.7	4.8
54	Virginia	Private	3,169	2,789,887	68,409	84,265	2.5	3.0
54	Virginia	Public	834	712,148	60,340	82,600	8.5	11.6
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	306	273,730	9,175	9,175	3.4	3.4
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	324	280,850	18,659	22,493	6.6	8.0
91	Washington	Total	3,191	2,874,067	579,297	615,967	20.2	21.4
91	Washington	Private	2,623	2,372,044	310,089	330,985	13.1	14.0
91	Washington	Public	568	502,023	269,208	284,982	53.6	56.8
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	214	196,679	50,304	51,262	25.6	26.1
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	403	364,205	97,101	101,894	26.7	28.0
55	West Virginia	Total	1,941	724,365	96,622	106,831	13.3	14.7
55	West Virginia	Private	1,518	569,257	61,764	65,446	10.8	11.5
55	West Virginia	Public	423	155,108	34,858	41,385	22.5	26.7
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	118	45,196	11,430	11,430	25.3	25.3
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	155	57,837	13,757	13,757	23.8	23.8
35	Wisconsin	Total	3,584	2,630,831	375,724	404,915	14.3	15.4
35	Wisconsin	Private	3,074	2,261,026	187,314	201,912	8.3	8.9
35	Wisconsin	Public	510	369,805	188,410	203,003	50.9	54.9
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	149	113,014	31,832	32,601	28.2	28.8
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	727	533,779	77,762	79,175	14.6	14.8
83	Wyoming	Total	2,384	239,263	18,924	22,405	7.9	9.4
83	Wyoming	Private	1,830	184,194	10,403	11,505	5.6	6.2
83	Wyoming	Public	554	55,069	8,520	10,900	15.5	19.8
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	167	17,384	929	1,055	5.3	6.1
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	108	10,709	702	807	6.6	7.5
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2007. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: State Code=Census state code  used
in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are union
members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers who
are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2008 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.