Union Membership, Coverage, Density and Employment by State, 2008 (details in table note)
State
Code	State	Sector	Obs	Employment	Members	Covered	%Mem	%Cov
63	Alabama	Total	1,737	1,858,383	181,421	199,359	9.8	10.7
63	Alabama	Private	1,397	1,504,433	76,012	80,590	5.1	5.4
63	Alabama	Public	340	353,950	105,410	118,769	29.8	33.6
63	Alabama	Priv. Construction	103	116,754	8,467	8,467	7.3	7.3
63	Alabama	Priv. Manufacturing	259	269,329	26,997	28,056	10.0	10.4
94	Alaska	Total	2,322	289,064	67,830	71,335	23.5	24.7
94	Alaska	Private	1,657	209,163	23,392	24,911	11.2	11.9
94	Alaska	Public	665	79,900	44,439	46,424	55.6	58.1
94	Alaska	Priv. Construction	157	20,808	7,212	7,360	34.7	35.4
94	Alaska	Priv. Manufacturing	51	6,634	795	795	12.0	12.0
86	Arizona	Total	2,024	2,579,091	227,419	253,948	8.8	9.8
86	Arizona	Private	1,726	2,198,306	154,344	164,406	7.0	7.5
86	Arizona	Public	298	380,784	73,075	89,541	19.2	23.5
86	Arizona	Priv. Construction	166	210,447	24,272	24,272	11.5	11.5
86	Arizona	Priv. Manufacturing	204	258,568	11,094	12,403	4.3	4.8
71	Arkansas	Total	1,760	1,158,113	67,938	85,089	5.9	7.3
71	Arkansas	Private	1,436	949,557	34,583	39,956	3.6	4.2
71	Arkansas	Public	324	208,556	33,356	45,134	16.0	21.6
71	Arkansas	Priv. Construction	97	65,532	1,256	1,256	1.9	1.9
71	Arkansas	Priv. Manufacturing	294	190,171	16,514	17,604	8.7	9.3
93	California	Total	13,917	14,888,985	2,739,901	2,909,494	18.4	19.5
93	California	Private	11,587	12,434,276	1,334,376	1,417,541	10.7	11.4
93	California	Public	2,330	2,454,709	1,405,524	1,491,953	57.3	60.8
93	California	Priv. Construction	830	923,815	186,994	196,386	20.2	21.3
93	California	Priv. Manufacturing	1,638	1,750,529	164,321	174,792	9.4	10.0
84	Colorado	Total	3,818	2,253,763	181,119	208,133	8.0	9.2
84	Colorado	Private	3,214	1,905,056	104,237	116,037	5.5	6.1
84	Colorado	Public	604	348,707	76,882	92,096	22.0	26.4
84	Colorado	Priv. Construction	271	166,231	15,995	15,995	9.6	9.6
84	Colorado	Priv. Manufacturing	328	189,986	20,268	23,610	10.7	12.4
16	Connecticut	Total	4,101	1,624,709	275,221	290,941	16.9	17.9
16	Connecticut	Private	3,447	1,368,506	113,778	125,278	8.3	9.2
16	Connecticut	Public	654	256,204	161,443	165,663	63.0	64.7
16	Connecticut	Priv. Construction	197	78,993	16,873	16,873	21.4	21.4
16	Connecticut	Priv. Manufacturing	543	215,529	17,255	19,655	8.0	9.1
51	Delaware	Total	2,763	390,973	52,297	57,380	13.4	14.7
51	Delaware	Private	2,292	324,691	26,648	28,783	8.2	8.9
51	Delaware	Public	471	66,282	25,649	28,597	38.7	43.1
51	Delaware	Priv. Construction	168	24,085	2,864	2,966	11.9	12.3
51	Delaware	Priv. Manufacturing	285	39,967	6,286	6,286	15.7	15.7
53	D.C.	Total	2,600	288,310	35,207	41,136	12.2	14.3
53	D.C.	Private	1,866	208,499	18,397	21,339	8.8	10.2
53	D.C.	Public	734	79,811	16,811	19,797	21.1	24.8
53	D.C.	Priv. Construction	86	9,489	746	746	7.9	7.9
53	D.C.	Priv. Manufacturing	36	3,851	0	0	0.0	0.0
59	Florida	Total	6,652	7,572,946	482,329	600,511	6.4	7.9
59	Florida	Private	5,590	6,370,895	146,346	192,747	2.3	3.0
59	Florida	Public	1,062	1,202,051	335,983	407,764	28.0	33.9
59	Florida	Priv. Construction	443	520,347	19,124	21,517	3.7	4.1
59	Florida	Priv. Manufacturing	390	451,066	11,655	15,734	2.6	3.5
58	Georgia	Total	3,602	4,083,578	150,695	189,288	3.7	4.6
58	Georgia	Private	2,964	3,371,683	88,705	107,481	2.6	3.2
58	Georgia	Public	638	711,895	61,990	81,807	8.7	11.5
58	Georgia	Priv. Construction	226	259,950	14,683	14,683	5.6	5.6
58	Georgia	Priv. Manufacturing	409	463,215	17,576	20,805	3.8	4.5
95	Hawaii	Total	2,677	561,526	136,274	142,988	24.3	25.5
95	Hawaii	Private	2,128	444,742	72,819	76,130	16.4	17.1
95	Hawaii	Public	549	116,784	63,455	66,858	54.3	57.2
95	Hawaii	Priv. Construction	181	39,312	15,187	15,790	38.6	40.2
95	Hawaii	Priv. Manufacturing	64	13,360	3,338	3,536	25.0	26.5
82	Idaho	Total	1,842	601,523	42,471	48,144	7.1	8.0
82	Idaho	Private	1,484	487,736	23,476	25,930	4.8	5.3
82	Idaho	Public	358	113,786	18,995	22,214	16.7	19.5
82	Idaho	Priv. Construction	110	37,226	2,876	3,162	7.7	8.5
82	Idaho	Priv. Manufacturing	218	71,598	5,189	5,747	7.2	8.0
33	Illinois	Total	5,441	5,662,163	939,212	993,293	16.6	17.5
33	Illinois	Private	4,652	4,855,955	533,348	567,568	11.0	11.7
33	Illinois	Public	789	806,208	405,864	425,725	50.3	52.8
33	Illinois	Priv. Construction	281	305,250	131,254	132,384	43.0	43.4
33	Illinois	Priv. Manufacturing	709	737,661	115,634	120,592	15.7	16.3
32	Indiana	Total	2,794	2,811,233	349,316	385,591	12.4	13.7
32	Indiana	Private	2,417	2,438,516	247,186	263,924	10.1	10.8
32	Indiana	Public	377	372,717	102,130	121,666	27.4	32.6
32	Indiana	Priv. Construction	143	149,069	45,167	46,402	30.3	31.1
32	Indiana	Priv. Manufacturing	565	570,197	106,498	109,292	18.7	19.2
42	Iowa	Total	3,683	1,437,484	152,589	186,726	10.6	13.0
42	Iowa	Private	3,076	1,201,535	78,816	92,254	6.6	7.7
42	Iowa	Public	607	235,949	73,773	94,472	31.3	40.0
42	Iowa	Priv. Construction	157	60,897	9,449	9,766	15.5	16.0
42	Iowa	Priv. Manufacturing	672	263,083	43,041	48,270	16.4	18.3
47	Kansas	Total	2,667	1,273,452	89,258	110,788	7.0	8.7
47	Kansas	Private	2,167	1,040,026	50,613	57,241	4.9	5.5
47	Kansas	Public	500	233,426	38,645	53,547	16.6	22.9
47	Kansas	Priv. Construction	110	54,172	10,148	10,148	18.7	18.7
47	Kansas	Priv. Manufacturing	371	176,174	26,823	29,311	15.2	16.6
61	Kentucky	Total	2,411	1,703,439	145,917	162,988	8.6	9.6
61	Kentucky	Private	1,971	1,396,220	95,829	102,158	6.9	7.3
61	Kentucky	Public	440	307,220	50,088	60,830	16.3	19.8
61	Kentucky	Priv. Construction	122	86,899	10,343	10,343	11.9	11.9
61	Kentucky	Priv. Manufacturing	343	241,675	21,072	21,072	8.7	8.7
72	Louisiana	Total	1,538	1,723,864	80,040	96,664	4.6	5.6
72	Louisiana	Private	1,274	1,441,959	42,634	49,759	3.0	3.5
72	Louisiana	Public	264	281,905	37,407	46,904	13.3	16.6
72	Louisiana	Priv. Construction	84	96,298	4,165	5,868	4.3	6.1
72	Louisiana	Priv. Manufacturing	134	150,086	16,609	16,609	11.1	11.1
11	Maine	Total	3,212	573,616	70,713	84,086	12.3	14.7
11	Maine	Private	2,651	474,788	26,031	30,478	5.5	6.4
11	Maine	Public	561	98,828	44,681	53,608	45.2	54.2
11	Maine	Priv. Construction	143	25,942	698	1,210	2.7	4.7
11	Maine	Priv. Manufacturing	344	61,276	11,883	12,224	19.4	19.9
52	Maryland	Total	4,470	2,609,797	329,398	379,655	12.6	14.5
52	Maryland	Private	3,370	1,965,442	130,334	148,253	6.6	7.5
52	Maryland	Public	1,100	644,355	199,064	231,402	30.9	35.9
52	Maryland	Priv. Construction	307	176,393	25,081	26,053	14.2	14.8
52	Maryland	Priv. Manufacturing	240	139,185	18,239	19,890	13.1	14.3
14	Massachusetts	Total	2,767	2,909,331	457,602	491,400	15.7	16.9
14	Massachusetts	Private	2,339	2,475,824	193,070	212,650	7.8	8.6
14	Massachusetts	Public	428	433,507	264,532	278,750	61.0	64.3
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Construction	115	124,487	24,854	24,854	20.0	20.0
14	Massachusetts	Priv. Manufacturing	252	266,743	18,705	21,991	7.0	8.2
34	Michigan	Total	3,924	4,088,547	770,540	801,119	18.8	19.6
34	Michigan	Private	3,400	3,558,576	466,852	488,618	13.1	13.7
34	Michigan	Public	524	529,971	303,688	312,501	57.3	59.0
34	Michigan	Priv. Construction	152	159,247	38,243	39,315	24.0	24.7
34	Michigan	Priv. Manufacturing	761	797,447	182,592	188,106	22.9	23.6
41	Minnesota	Total	4,589	2,429,671	391,663	412,247	16.1	17.0
41	Minnesota	Private	3,905	2,072,773	195,528	205,770	9.4	9.9
41	Minnesota	Public	684	356,899	196,135	206,477	55.0	57.9
41	Minnesota	Priv. Construction	223	117,101	31,983	33,052	27.3	28.2
41	Minnesota	Priv. Manufacturing	682	357,547	39,176	40,281	11.0	11.3
64	Mississippi	Total	1,436	1,088,762	57,289	79,010	5.3	7.3
64	Mississippi	Private	1,111	849,535	34,811	47,188	4.1	5.6
64	Mississippi	Public	325	239,227	22,477	31,822	9.4	13.3
64	Mississippi	Priv. Construction	74	57,253	1,237	1,237	2.2	2.2
64	Mississippi	Priv. Manufacturing	232	178,469	15,808	20,696	8.9	11.6
43	Missouri	Total	2,917	2,543,490	284,612	326,533	11.2	12.8
43	Missouri	Private	2,525	2,204,821	205,804	231,742	9.3	10.5
43	Missouri	Public	392	338,670	78,808	94,791	23.3	28.0
43	Missouri	Priv. Construction	170	151,432	47,872	50,232	31.6	33.2
43	Missouri	Priv. Manufacturing	424	371,729	57,612	63,937	15.5	17.2
81	Montana	Total	1,594	389,155	47,349	61,075	12.2	15.7
81	Montana	Private	1,282	314,003	18,439	26,836	5.9	8.5
81	Montana	Public	312	75,153	28,910	34,239	38.5	45.6
81	Montana	Priv. Construction	125	31,704	3,783	4,486	11.9	14.1
81	Montana	Priv. Manufacturing	63	14,991	1,923	2,104	12.8	14.0
46	Nebraska	Total	2,932	839,932	70,028	90,287	8.3	10.7
46	Nebraska	Private	2,399	690,036	29,080	35,788	4.2	5.2
46	Nebraska	Public	533	149,896	40,948	54,499	27.3	36.4
46	Nebraska	Priv. Construction	143	41,933	4,683	4,683	11.2	11.2
46	Nebraska	Priv. Manufacturing	379	108,927	7,910	9,795	7.3	9.0
88	Nevada	Total	2,778	1,192,323	198,976	216,743	16.7	18.2
88	Nevada	Private	2,418	1,043,744	144,817	153,243	13.9	14.7
88	Nevada	Public	360	148,579	54,160	63,500	36.5	42.7
88	Nevada	Priv. Construction	262	118,918	40,415	40,415	34.0	34.0
88	Nevada	Priv. Manufacturing	105	43,495	3,090	3,910	7.1	9.0
12	New Hampshire	Total	4,209	634,893	67,038	78,794	10.6	12.4
12	New Hampshire	Private	3,570	539,944	21,621	27,047	4.0	5.0
12	New Hampshire	Public	639	94,949	45,417	51,746	47.8	54.5
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Construction	196	30,435	2,654	3,304	8.7	10.9
12	New Hampshire	Priv. Manufacturing	615	92,342	2,703	3,727	2.9	4.0
22	New Jersey	Total	3,754	3,842,868	703,057	731,136	18.3	19.0
22	New Jersey	Private	3,172	3,251,692	335,994	359,298	10.3	11.0
22	New Jersey	Public	582	591,175	367,063	371,838	62.1	62.9
22	New Jersey	Priv. Construction	209	216,600	49,316	50,149	22.8	23.2
22	New Jersey	Priv. Manufacturing	394	394,849	33,000	34,046	8.4	8.6
85	New Mexico	Total	1,503	806,906	58,367	93,964	7.2	11.6
85	New Mexico	Private	1,092	595,834	24,499	32,940	4.1	5.5
85	New Mexico	Public	411	211,072	33,869	61,024	16.0	28.9
85	New Mexico	Priv. Construction	108	60,378	5,243	7,062	8.7	11.7
85	New Mexico	Priv. Manufacturing	83	43,722	543	543	1.2	1.2
21	New York	Total	7,237	8,164,770	2,029,290	2,170,420	24.9	26.6
21	New York	Private	5,862	6,639,759	954,509	1,059,006	14.4	15.9
21	New York	Public	1,375	1,525,010	1,074,781	1,111,413	70.5	72.9
21	New York	Priv. Construction	360	414,487	110,153	117,814	26.6	28.4
21	New York	Priv. Manufacturing	557	611,753	97,048	104,113	15.9	17.0
56	North Carolina	Total	3,397	3,798,819	132,498	189,069	3.5	5.0
56	North Carolina	Private	2,839	3,180,288	64,396	82,395	2.0	2.6
56	North Carolina	Public	558	618,531	68,102	106,675	11.0	17.2
56	North Carolina	Priv. Construction	244	277,231	2,386	2,386	0.9	0.9
56	North Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	431	472,769	20,810	28,540	4.4	6.0
44	North Dakota	Total	2,388	308,316	18,861	25,162	6.1	8.2
44	North Dakota	Private	1,842	237,721	7,375	9,374	3.1	3.9
44	North Dakota	Public	546	70,594	11,486	15,788	16.3	22.4
44	North Dakota	Priv. Construction	110	14,606	1,119	1,425	7.7	9.8
44	North Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	183	23,795	1,361	1,612	5.7	6.8
31	Ohio	Total	4,923	5,046,365	715,823	782,676	14.2	15.5
31	Ohio	Private	4,155	4,261,304	397,144	425,582	9.3	10.0
31	Ohio	Public	768	785,061	318,679	357,094	40.6	45.5
31	Ohio	Priv. Construction	203	208,139	60,941	63,725	29.3	30.6
31	Ohio	Priv. Manufacturing	817	831,983	124,150	131,158	14.9	15.8
73	Oklahoma	Total	2,048	1,529,025	101,577	126,782	6.6	8.3
73	Oklahoma	Private	1,634	1,222,556	46,523	57,337	3.8	4.7
73	Oklahoma	Public	414	306,469	55,054	69,445	18.0	22.7
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Construction	91	70,284	3,496	3,496	5.0	5.0
73	Oklahoma	Priv. Manufacturing	180	134,393	8,100	11,628	6.0	8.7
92	Oregon	Total	2,298	1,565,846	259,169	271,800	16.6	17.4
92	Oregon	Private	1,946	1,332,691	119,404	126,664	9.0	9.5
92	Oregon	Public	352	233,155	139,765	145,136	59.9	62.2
92	Oregon	Priv. Construction	132	89,852	11,714	11,714	13.0	13.0
92	Oregon	Priv. Manufacturing	318	220,607	27,293	29,761	12.4	13.5
23	Pennsylvania	Total	5,580	5,503,958	847,102	898,866	15.4	16.3
23	Pennsylvania	Private	4,902	4,842,398	497,151	524,405	10.3	10.8
23	Pennsylvania	Public	678	661,560	349,951	374,460	52.9	56.6
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Construction	262	256,222	51,636	52,593	20.2	20.5
23	Pennsylvania	Priv. Manufacturing	795	776,470	102,932	106,783	13.3	13.8
15	Rhode Island	Total	2,973	470,507	77,687	81,765	16.5	17.4
15	Rhode Island	Private	2,530	401,361	34,859	37,076	8.7	9.2
15	Rhode Island	Public	443	69,146	42,828	44,689	61.9	64.6
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Construction	128	20,642	4,399	4,546	21.3	22.0
15	Rhode Island	Priv. Manufacturing	395	62,355	3,320	3,645	5.3	5.8
57	South Carolina	Total	2,155	1,792,277	69,941	104,707	3.9	5.8
57	South Carolina	Private	1,767	1,477,251	35,484	51,952	2.4	3.5
57	South Carolina	Public	388	315,026	34,457	52,755	10.9	16.7
57	South Carolina	Priv. Construction	147	124,075	872	1,711	0.7	1.4
57	South Carolina	Priv. Manufacturing	328	270,429	17,563	22,244	6.5	8.2
45	South Dakota	Total	2,814	369,462	18,423	23,663	5.0	6.4
45	South Dakota	Private	2,308	305,297	7,776	8,816	2.5	2.9
45	South Dakota	Public	506	64,166	10,647	14,847	16.6	23.1
45	South Dakota	Priv. Construction	149	19,709	888	888	4.5	4.5
45	South Dakota	Priv. Manufacturing	363	46,325	2,722	2,903	5.9	6.3
62	Tennessee	Total	2,200	2,534,326	138,657	166,231	5.5	6.6
62	Tennessee	Private	1,845	2,128,965	73,787	84,657	3.5	4.0
62	Tennessee	Public	355	405,361	64,871	81,574	16.0	20.1
62	Tennessee	Priv. Construction	143	162,306	7,330	8,527	4.5	5.3
62	Tennessee	Priv. Manufacturing	304	340,482	26,545	28,742	7.8	8.4
74	Texas	Total	8,618	9,990,700	448,624	559,208	4.5	5.6
74	Texas	Private	7,209	8,394,364	209,301	265,484	2.5	3.2
74	Texas	Public	1,409	1,596,337	239,323	293,724	15.0	18.4
74	Texas	Priv. Construction	618	746,311	21,537	23,484	2.9	3.1
74	Texas	Priv. Manufacturing	875	1,034,746	50,043	65,110	4.8	6.3
87	Utah	Total	2,248	1,178,171	67,882	83,762	5.8	7.1
87	Utah	Private	1,808	952,475	32,816	41,096	3.4	4.3
87	Utah	Public	440	225,696	35,067	42,665	15.5	18.9
87	Utah	Priv. Construction	156	85,589	6,029	7,023	7.0	8.2
87	Utah	Priv. Manufacturing	226	118,445	2,097	3,389	1.8	2.9
13	Vermont	Total	2,642	283,832	29,385	36,380	10.4	12.8
13	Vermont	Private	2,209	238,467	11,127	14,214	4.7	6.0
13	Vermont	Public	433	45,365	18,258	22,166	40.2	48.9
13	Vermont	Priv. Construction	138	14,657	743	743	5.1	5.1
13	Vermont	Priv. Manufacturing	310	33,457	1,701	2,415	5.1	7.2
54	Virginia	Total	3,922	3,596,668	145,805	178,047	4.1	5.0
54	Virginia	Private	3,077	2,832,697	75,060	88,553	2.6	3.1
54	Virginia	Public	845	763,972	70,745	89,494	9.3	11.7
54	Virginia	Priv. Construction	252	234,510	10,797	10,797	4.6	4.6
54	Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	299	266,282	15,370	18,040	5.8	6.8
91	Washington	Total	3,113	2,912,434	577,880	626,350	19.8	21.5
91	Washington	Private	2,548	2,390,864	311,655	334,746	13.0	14.0
91	Washington	Public	565	521,570	266,225	291,604	51.0	55.9
91	Washington	Priv. Construction	221	210,857	57,398	59,034	27.2	28.0
91	Washington	Priv. Manufacturing	400	373,455	90,539	92,727	24.2	24.8
55	West Virginia	Total	1,909	736,331	101,311	112,488	13.8	15.3
55	West Virginia	Private	1,502	583,479	62,568	68,868	10.7	11.8
55	West Virginia	Public	407	152,852	38,743	43,620	25.3	28.5
55	West Virginia	Priv. Construction	112	42,880	13,133	13,133	30.6	30.6
55	West Virginia	Priv. Manufacturing	150	58,341	10,440	12,609	17.9	21.6
35	Wisconsin	Total	3,607	2,642,196	395,893	421,985	15.0	16.0
35	Wisconsin	Private	3,094	2,273,625	220,234	237,503	9.7	10.4
35	Wisconsin	Public	513	368,570	175,660	184,481	47.7	50.1
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Construction	142	106,209	26,328	26,328	24.8	24.8
35	Wisconsin	Priv. Manufacturing	700	512,920	96,575	100,835	18.8	19.7
83	Wyoming	Total	2,391	241,288	18,631	21,381	7.7	8.9
83	Wyoming	Private	1,850	188,261	11,622	12,777	6.2	6.8
83	Wyoming	Public	541	53,027	7,009	8,604	13.2	16.2
83	Wyoming	Priv. Construction	147	15,640	840	840	5.4	5.4
83	Wyoming	Priv. Manufacturing	90	9,031	703	781	7.8	8.6
Data Sources: Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) Earnings Files, 2008. Sample includes
employed wage and salary workers, ages 16 and over. Variable definitions are: State Code=Census state code  used
in CPS, Obs=CPS sample size, Employment=wage and salary employment, Members=employed workers who are union
members, Covered=workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, %Mem=percent of employed workers who
are union members, and %Cov=percent of employed workers who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
© 2009 by Barry T. Hirsch and David A. Macpherson.  The use of data requires citation.